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Biomaterials-Based Modulation of the Immune System
The immune system is traditionally considered from the perspective of defending against bacterial or viral infections. However, foreign materials like implants can also illicit immune responses. These immune responses are mediated by a large number of molecular signals, including cytokines, antibodi...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3793288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24171170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/732182 |
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author | Gardner, Austin B. Lee, Simon K. C. Woods, Elliot C. Acharya, Abhinav P. |
author_facet | Gardner, Austin B. Lee, Simon K. C. Woods, Elliot C. Acharya, Abhinav P. |
author_sort | Gardner, Austin B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The immune system is traditionally considered from the perspective of defending against bacterial or viral infections. However, foreign materials like implants can also illicit immune responses. These immune responses are mediated by a large number of molecular signals, including cytokines, antibodies and reactive radical species, and cell types, including macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, T-cells, B-cells, and dendritic cells. Most often, these molecular signals lead to the generation of fibrous encapsulation of the biomaterials, thereby shielding the body from these biomaterials. In this review we will focus on two different types of biomaterials: those that actively modulate the immune response, as seen in antigen delivery vehicles for vaccines, and those that illicit relatively small immune response, which are important for implantable materials. The first serves to actively influence the immune response by co-opting certain immune pathways, while the second tries to mimic the properties of the host in an attempt to remain undetected by the immune system. As these are two very different end points, each type of biomaterial has been studied and developed separately and in recent years, many advances have been made in each respective area, which will be highlighted in this review. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3793288 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37932882013-10-29 Biomaterials-Based Modulation of the Immune System Gardner, Austin B. Lee, Simon K. C. Woods, Elliot C. Acharya, Abhinav P. Biomed Res Int Review Article The immune system is traditionally considered from the perspective of defending against bacterial or viral infections. However, foreign materials like implants can also illicit immune responses. These immune responses are mediated by a large number of molecular signals, including cytokines, antibodies and reactive radical species, and cell types, including macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, T-cells, B-cells, and dendritic cells. Most often, these molecular signals lead to the generation of fibrous encapsulation of the biomaterials, thereby shielding the body from these biomaterials. In this review we will focus on two different types of biomaterials: those that actively modulate the immune response, as seen in antigen delivery vehicles for vaccines, and those that illicit relatively small immune response, which are important for implantable materials. The first serves to actively influence the immune response by co-opting certain immune pathways, while the second tries to mimic the properties of the host in an attempt to remain undetected by the immune system. As these are two very different end points, each type of biomaterial has been studied and developed separately and in recent years, many advances have been made in each respective area, which will be highlighted in this review. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3793288/ /pubmed/24171170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/732182 Text en Copyright © 2013 Austin B. Gardner et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Gardner, Austin B. Lee, Simon K. C. Woods, Elliot C. Acharya, Abhinav P. Biomaterials-Based Modulation of the Immune System |
title | Biomaterials-Based Modulation of the Immune System |
title_full | Biomaterials-Based Modulation of the Immune System |
title_fullStr | Biomaterials-Based Modulation of the Immune System |
title_full_unstemmed | Biomaterials-Based Modulation of the Immune System |
title_short | Biomaterials-Based Modulation of the Immune System |
title_sort | biomaterials-based modulation of the immune system |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3793288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24171170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/732182 |
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