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Placebo-Suggestion Modulates Conflict Resolution in the Stroop Task
Here, we ask whether placebo-suggestion (without any form of hypnotic induction) can modulate the resolution of cognitive conflict. Naïve participants performed a Stroop Task while wearing an EEG cap described as a “brain wave” machine. In Experiment 1, participants were made to believe that the EEG...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3794044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075701 |
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author | Magalhães De Saldanha da Gama, Pedro A. Slama, Hichem Caspar, Emilie A. Gevers, Wim Cleeremans, Axel |
author_facet | Magalhães De Saldanha da Gama, Pedro A. Slama, Hichem Caspar, Emilie A. Gevers, Wim Cleeremans, Axel |
author_sort | Magalhães De Saldanha da Gama, Pedro A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Here, we ask whether placebo-suggestion (without any form of hypnotic induction) can modulate the resolution of cognitive conflict. Naïve participants performed a Stroop Task while wearing an EEG cap described as a “brain wave” machine. In Experiment 1, participants were made to believe that the EEG cap would either enhance or decrease their color perception and performance on the Stroop task. In Experiment 2, participants were explicitly asked to imagine that their color perception and performance would be enhanced or decreased (non-hypnotic imaginative suggestion). We observed effects of placebo-suggestion on Stroop interference on accuracy: interference was decreased with positive suggestion and increased with negative suggestion compared to baseline. Intra-individual variability was also increased under negative suggestion compared to baseline. Compliance with the instruction to imagine a modulation of performance, on the other hand, did not influence accuracy and only had a negative impact on response latencies and on intra-individual variability, especially in the congruent condition of the Stroop Task. Taken together, these results demonstrate that expectations induced by a placebo-suggestion can modulate our ability to resolve cognitive conflict, either facilitating or impairing response accuracy depending on the suggestion’s contents. Our results also demonstrate a dissociation between placebo-suggestion and non-hypnotic imaginative suggestion. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3794044 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-37940442013-10-15 Placebo-Suggestion Modulates Conflict Resolution in the Stroop Task Magalhães De Saldanha da Gama, Pedro A. Slama, Hichem Caspar, Emilie A. Gevers, Wim Cleeremans, Axel PLoS One Research Article Here, we ask whether placebo-suggestion (without any form of hypnotic induction) can modulate the resolution of cognitive conflict. Naïve participants performed a Stroop Task while wearing an EEG cap described as a “brain wave” machine. In Experiment 1, participants were made to believe that the EEG cap would either enhance or decrease their color perception and performance on the Stroop task. In Experiment 2, participants were explicitly asked to imagine that their color perception and performance would be enhanced or decreased (non-hypnotic imaginative suggestion). We observed effects of placebo-suggestion on Stroop interference on accuracy: interference was decreased with positive suggestion and increased with negative suggestion compared to baseline. Intra-individual variability was also increased under negative suggestion compared to baseline. Compliance with the instruction to imagine a modulation of performance, on the other hand, did not influence accuracy and only had a negative impact on response latencies and on intra-individual variability, especially in the congruent condition of the Stroop Task. Taken together, these results demonstrate that expectations induced by a placebo-suggestion can modulate our ability to resolve cognitive conflict, either facilitating or impairing response accuracy depending on the suggestion’s contents. Our results also demonstrate a dissociation between placebo-suggestion and non-hypnotic imaginative suggestion. Public Library of Science 2013-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3794044/ /pubmed/24130735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075701 Text en © 2013 Magalhães De Saldanha da Gama et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Magalhães De Saldanha da Gama, Pedro A. Slama, Hichem Caspar, Emilie A. Gevers, Wim Cleeremans, Axel Placebo-Suggestion Modulates Conflict Resolution in the Stroop Task |
title | Placebo-Suggestion Modulates Conflict Resolution in the Stroop Task |
title_full | Placebo-Suggestion Modulates Conflict Resolution in the Stroop Task |
title_fullStr | Placebo-Suggestion Modulates Conflict Resolution in the Stroop Task |
title_full_unstemmed | Placebo-Suggestion Modulates Conflict Resolution in the Stroop Task |
title_short | Placebo-Suggestion Modulates Conflict Resolution in the Stroop Task |
title_sort | placebo-suggestion modulates conflict resolution in the stroop task |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3794044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075701 |
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