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The Dispersal Ecology of Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness Following Its Introduction to a New Area

Tsetse-transmitted human and animal trypanosomiasis are constraints to both human and animal health in sub-Saharan Africa, and although these diseases have been known for over a century, there is little recent evidence demonstrating how the parasites circulate in natural hosts and ecosystems. The sp...

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Autores principales: Wardrop, Nicola A., Fèvre, Eric M., Atkinson, Peter M., Welburn, Susan C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3794918/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130913
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002485
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author Wardrop, Nicola A.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Atkinson, Peter M.
Welburn, Susan C.
author_facet Wardrop, Nicola A.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Atkinson, Peter M.
Welburn, Susan C.
author_sort Wardrop, Nicola A.
collection PubMed
description Tsetse-transmitted human and animal trypanosomiasis are constraints to both human and animal health in sub-Saharan Africa, and although these diseases have been known for over a century, there is little recent evidence demonstrating how the parasites circulate in natural hosts and ecosystems. The spread of Rhodesian sleeping sickness (caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) within Uganda over the past 15 years has been linked to the movement of infected, untreated livestock (the predominant reservoir) from endemic areas. However, despite an understanding of the environmental dependencies of sleeping sickness, little research has focused on the environmental factors controlling transmission establishment or the spatially heterogeneous dispersal of disease following a new introduction. In the current study, an annually stratified case-control study of Rhodesian sleeping sickness cases from Serere District, Uganda was used to allow the temporal assessment of correlations between the spatial distribution of sleeping sickness and landscape factors. Significant relationships were detected between Rhodesian sleeping sickness and selected factors, including elevation and the proportion of land which was “seasonally flooding grassland” or “woodlands and dense savannah.” Temporal trends in these relationships were detected, illustrating the dispersal of Rhodesian sleeping sickness into more ‘suitable’ areas over time, with diminishing dependence on the point of introduction in concurrence with an increasing dependence on environmental and landscape factors. These results provide a novel insight into the ecology of Rhodesian sleeping sickness dispersal and may contribute towards the implementation of evidence-based control measures to prevent its further spread.
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spelling pubmed-37949182013-10-15 The Dispersal Ecology of Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness Following Its Introduction to a New Area Wardrop, Nicola A. Fèvre, Eric M. Atkinson, Peter M. Welburn, Susan C. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Tsetse-transmitted human and animal trypanosomiasis are constraints to both human and animal health in sub-Saharan Africa, and although these diseases have been known for over a century, there is little recent evidence demonstrating how the parasites circulate in natural hosts and ecosystems. The spread of Rhodesian sleeping sickness (caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) within Uganda over the past 15 years has been linked to the movement of infected, untreated livestock (the predominant reservoir) from endemic areas. However, despite an understanding of the environmental dependencies of sleeping sickness, little research has focused on the environmental factors controlling transmission establishment or the spatially heterogeneous dispersal of disease following a new introduction. In the current study, an annually stratified case-control study of Rhodesian sleeping sickness cases from Serere District, Uganda was used to allow the temporal assessment of correlations between the spatial distribution of sleeping sickness and landscape factors. Significant relationships were detected between Rhodesian sleeping sickness and selected factors, including elevation and the proportion of land which was “seasonally flooding grassland” or “woodlands and dense savannah.” Temporal trends in these relationships were detected, illustrating the dispersal of Rhodesian sleeping sickness into more ‘suitable’ areas over time, with diminishing dependence on the point of introduction in concurrence with an increasing dependence on environmental and landscape factors. These results provide a novel insight into the ecology of Rhodesian sleeping sickness dispersal and may contribute towards the implementation of evidence-based control measures to prevent its further spread. Public Library of Science 2013-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3794918/ /pubmed/24130913 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002485 Text en © 2013 Wardrop et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wardrop, Nicola A.
Fèvre, Eric M.
Atkinson, Peter M.
Welburn, Susan C.
The Dispersal Ecology of Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness Following Its Introduction to a New Area
title The Dispersal Ecology of Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness Following Its Introduction to a New Area
title_full The Dispersal Ecology of Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness Following Its Introduction to a New Area
title_fullStr The Dispersal Ecology of Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness Following Its Introduction to a New Area
title_full_unstemmed The Dispersal Ecology of Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness Following Its Introduction to a New Area
title_short The Dispersal Ecology of Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness Following Its Introduction to a New Area
title_sort dispersal ecology of rhodesian sleeping sickness following its introduction to a new area
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3794918/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130913
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002485
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