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Association between Usual Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Hypertension among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005–2010

OBJECTIVES: Studies indicate high sodium and low potassium intake can increase blood pressure suggesting the ratio of sodium-to-potassium may be informative. Yet, limited studies examine the association of the sodium-to-potassium ratio with blood pressure and hypertension. METHODS: We analyzed data...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Zefeng, Cogswell, Mary E., Gillespie, Cathleen, Fang, Jing, Loustalot, Fleetwood, Dai, Shifan, Carriquiry, Alicia L., Kuklina, Elena V., Hong, Yuling, Merritt, Robert, Yang, Quanhe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3794974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130700
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075289
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author Zhang, Zefeng
Cogswell, Mary E.
Gillespie, Cathleen
Fang, Jing
Loustalot, Fleetwood
Dai, Shifan
Carriquiry, Alicia L.
Kuklina, Elena V.
Hong, Yuling
Merritt, Robert
Yang, Quanhe
author_facet Zhang, Zefeng
Cogswell, Mary E.
Gillespie, Cathleen
Fang, Jing
Loustalot, Fleetwood
Dai, Shifan
Carriquiry, Alicia L.
Kuklina, Elena V.
Hong, Yuling
Merritt, Robert
Yang, Quanhe
author_sort Zhang, Zefeng
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: Studies indicate high sodium and low potassium intake can increase blood pressure suggesting the ratio of sodium-to-potassium may be informative. Yet, limited studies examine the association of the sodium-to-potassium ratio with blood pressure and hypertension. METHODS: We analyzed data on 10,563 participants aged ≥20 years in the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were neither taking anti-hypertensive medication nor on a low sodium diet. We used measurement error models to estimate usual intakes, multivariable linear regression to assess their associations with blood pressure, and logistic regression to assess their associations with hypertension. RESULTS: The average usual intakes of sodium, potassium and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3,569 mg/d, 2,745 mg/d, and 1.41, respectively. All three measures were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, with an increase of 1.04 mmHg (95% CI, 0.27–1.82) and a decrease of 1.24 mmHg (95% CI, 0.31–2.70) per 1,000 mg/d increase in sodium or potassium intake, respectively, and an increase of 1.05 mmHg (95% CI, 0.12–1.98) per 0.5 unit increase in sodium-to-potassium ratio. The adjusted odds ratios for hypertension were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.07–1.83), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.53–0.97) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05–1.61), respectively, comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of usual intake of sodium, potassium or sodium-to-potassium ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide population-based evidence that concurrent higher sodium and lower potassium consumption are associated with hypertension.
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spelling pubmed-37949742013-10-15 Association between Usual Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Hypertension among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005–2010 Zhang, Zefeng Cogswell, Mary E. Gillespie, Cathleen Fang, Jing Loustalot, Fleetwood Dai, Shifan Carriquiry, Alicia L. Kuklina, Elena V. Hong, Yuling Merritt, Robert Yang, Quanhe PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVES: Studies indicate high sodium and low potassium intake can increase blood pressure suggesting the ratio of sodium-to-potassium may be informative. Yet, limited studies examine the association of the sodium-to-potassium ratio with blood pressure and hypertension. METHODS: We analyzed data on 10,563 participants aged ≥20 years in the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were neither taking anti-hypertensive medication nor on a low sodium diet. We used measurement error models to estimate usual intakes, multivariable linear regression to assess their associations with blood pressure, and logistic regression to assess their associations with hypertension. RESULTS: The average usual intakes of sodium, potassium and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3,569 mg/d, 2,745 mg/d, and 1.41, respectively. All three measures were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, with an increase of 1.04 mmHg (95% CI, 0.27–1.82) and a decrease of 1.24 mmHg (95% CI, 0.31–2.70) per 1,000 mg/d increase in sodium or potassium intake, respectively, and an increase of 1.05 mmHg (95% CI, 0.12–1.98) per 0.5 unit increase in sodium-to-potassium ratio. The adjusted odds ratios for hypertension were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.07–1.83), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.53–0.97) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05–1.61), respectively, comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of usual intake of sodium, potassium or sodium-to-potassium ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide population-based evidence that concurrent higher sodium and lower potassium consumption are associated with hypertension. Public Library of Science 2013-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3794974/ /pubmed/24130700 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075289 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhang, Zefeng
Cogswell, Mary E.
Gillespie, Cathleen
Fang, Jing
Loustalot, Fleetwood
Dai, Shifan
Carriquiry, Alicia L.
Kuklina, Elena V.
Hong, Yuling
Merritt, Robert
Yang, Quanhe
Association between Usual Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Hypertension among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005–2010
title Association between Usual Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Hypertension among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005–2010
title_full Association between Usual Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Hypertension among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005–2010
title_fullStr Association between Usual Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Hypertension among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005–2010
title_full_unstemmed Association between Usual Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Hypertension among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005–2010
title_short Association between Usual Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Hypertension among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005–2010
title_sort association between usual sodium and potassium intake and blood pressure and hypertension among u.s. adults: nhanes 2005–2010
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3794974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130700
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075289
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