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The Effect of Aflatoxin-B(1) on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis

Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is a potent carcinogen that causes growth stunting, immunosuppression and liver cancer in multiple species. The recent trend of replacing fishmeal with plant-based proteins in fish feed has amplified the AFB(1) exposure risk in farm-raised fish. NovaSil (NS), a calcium montmo...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zychowski, Katherine E., Hoffmann, Aline Rodrigues, Ly, Hoai J., Pohlenz, Camilo, Buentello, Alejandro, Romoser, Amelia, Gatlin, Delbert M., Phillips, Timothy D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3798873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24064717
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins5091555
Descripción
Sumario:Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is a potent carcinogen that causes growth stunting, immunosuppression and liver cancer in multiple species. The recent trend of replacing fishmeal with plant-based proteins in fish feed has amplified the AFB(1) exposure risk in farm-raised fish. NovaSil (NS), a calcium montmorillonite clay, has previously been shown to reduce AFB(1) bioavailability safely and efficaciously in several mammalian species. This study was designed to: (1) evaluate AFB(1) impact on cultured red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, over the course of seven weeks; and (2) assess NS supplementation as a strategy to prevent aflatoxicosis. Fish were fed diets containing 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 5 ppm AFB(1). Two additional treatment groups were fed either 5 ppm AFB(1) + 1% NS or 5 ppm AFB(1) + 2% NS. Aflatoxin B(1) negatively impacted red drum weight gain, survival, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole-body lipid levels, liver histopathological scoring, as well as trypsin inhibition. NovaSil inclusion in AFB(1)-contaminated diets improved weight gain, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, muscle somatic index, and intraperitoneal fat ratios compared to AFB(1)-treated fish. Although not significant, NS reduced AFB(1)-induced histopathological changes in the liver and decreased Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) staining. Importantly, NS supplementation improved overall health of AFB(1)-exposed red drum.