Cargando…

Recognition of Extracellular Bacteria by NLRs and Its Role in the Development of Adaptive Immunity

Innate immune recognition of bacteria is the first requirement for mounting an effective immune response able to control infection. Over the previous decade, the general paradigm was that extracellular bacteria were only sensed by cell surface-expressed Toll-like receptors (TLRs), whereas cytoplasmi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ferrand, Jonathan, Ferrero, Richard Louis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3801148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24155747
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00344
_version_ 1782288080242212864
author Ferrand, Jonathan
Ferrero, Richard Louis
author_facet Ferrand, Jonathan
Ferrero, Richard Louis
author_sort Ferrand, Jonathan
collection PubMed
description Innate immune recognition of bacteria is the first requirement for mounting an effective immune response able to control infection. Over the previous decade, the general paradigm was that extracellular bacteria were only sensed by cell surface-expressed Toll-like receptors (TLRs), whereas cytoplasmic sensors, including members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, were specific to pathogens capable of breaching the host cell membrane. It has become apparent, however, that intracellular innate immune molecules, such as the NLRs, play key roles in the sensing of not only intracellular, but also extracellular bacterial pathogens or their components. In this review, we will discuss the various mechanisms used by bacteria to activate NLR signaling in host cells. These mechanisms include bacterial secretion systems, pore-forming toxins, and outer membrane vesicles. We will then focus on the influence of NLR activation on the development of adaptive immune responses in different cell types.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3801148
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2013
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-38011482013-10-23 Recognition of Extracellular Bacteria by NLRs and Its Role in the Development of Adaptive Immunity Ferrand, Jonathan Ferrero, Richard Louis Front Immunol Immunology Innate immune recognition of bacteria is the first requirement for mounting an effective immune response able to control infection. Over the previous decade, the general paradigm was that extracellular bacteria were only sensed by cell surface-expressed Toll-like receptors (TLRs), whereas cytoplasmic sensors, including members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, were specific to pathogens capable of breaching the host cell membrane. It has become apparent, however, that intracellular innate immune molecules, such as the NLRs, play key roles in the sensing of not only intracellular, but also extracellular bacterial pathogens or their components. In this review, we will discuss the various mechanisms used by bacteria to activate NLR signaling in host cells. These mechanisms include bacterial secretion systems, pore-forming toxins, and outer membrane vesicles. We will then focus on the influence of NLR activation on the development of adaptive immune responses in different cell types. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3801148/ /pubmed/24155747 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00344 Text en Copyright © 2013 Ferrand and Ferrero. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Ferrand, Jonathan
Ferrero, Richard Louis
Recognition of Extracellular Bacteria by NLRs and Its Role in the Development of Adaptive Immunity
title Recognition of Extracellular Bacteria by NLRs and Its Role in the Development of Adaptive Immunity
title_full Recognition of Extracellular Bacteria by NLRs and Its Role in the Development of Adaptive Immunity
title_fullStr Recognition of Extracellular Bacteria by NLRs and Its Role in the Development of Adaptive Immunity
title_full_unstemmed Recognition of Extracellular Bacteria by NLRs and Its Role in the Development of Adaptive Immunity
title_short Recognition of Extracellular Bacteria by NLRs and Its Role in the Development of Adaptive Immunity
title_sort recognition of extracellular bacteria by nlrs and its role in the development of adaptive immunity
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3801148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24155747
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00344
work_keys_str_mv AT ferrandjonathan recognitionofextracellularbacteriabynlrsanditsroleinthedevelopmentofadaptiveimmunity
AT ferrerorichardlouis recognitionofextracellularbacteriabynlrsanditsroleinthedevelopmentofadaptiveimmunity