Cargando…
IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
The management of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is constrained by lack of simple-to-use diagnostic, staging, and treatment tools. The search for novel biomarkers is, therefore, essential in the fight against HAT. The current study aimed at investigating the potential of IL-6 as an adjunct para...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2013
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3806132/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194772 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/320509 |
_version_ | 1782288339900039168 |
---|---|
author | Nyawira Maranga, Dawn Kagira, John Maina Kinyanjui, Christopher Kariuki Muturi Karanja, Simon Wangari Maina, Naomi Ngotho, Maina |
author_facet | Nyawira Maranga, Dawn Kagira, John Maina Kinyanjui, Christopher Kariuki Muturi Karanja, Simon Wangari Maina, Naomi Ngotho, Maina |
author_sort | Nyawira Maranga, Dawn |
collection | PubMed |
description | The management of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is constrained by lack of simple-to-use diagnostic, staging, and treatment tools. The search for novel biomarkers is, therefore, essential in the fight against HAT. The current study aimed at investigating the potential of IL-6 as an adjunct parameter for HAT stage determination in vervet monkey model. Four adult vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and treated subcuratively at 28 days after infection (dpi) to induce late stage disease. Three noninfected monkeys formed the control group. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were obtained at weekly intervals and assessed for various biological parameters. A typical HAT-like infection was observed. The late stage was characterized by significant (P < 0.05) elevation of CSF IL-6, white blood cell count, and total protein starting 35 dpi with peak levels of these parameters coinciding with relapse parasitaemia. Brain immunohistochemical staining revealed an increase in brain glial fibrillary acidic protein expression indicative of reactive astrogliosis in infected animals which were euthanized in late-stage disease. The elevation of IL-6 in CSF which accompanied other HAT biomarkers indicates onset of parasite neuroinvasion and show potential for use as an adjunct late-stage disease biomarker in the Rhodesian sleeping sickness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3806132 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38061322013-11-05 IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Nyawira Maranga, Dawn Kagira, John Maina Kinyanjui, Christopher Kariuki Muturi Karanja, Simon Wangari Maina, Naomi Ngotho, Maina Clin Dev Immunol Research Article The management of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is constrained by lack of simple-to-use diagnostic, staging, and treatment tools. The search for novel biomarkers is, therefore, essential in the fight against HAT. The current study aimed at investigating the potential of IL-6 as an adjunct parameter for HAT stage determination in vervet monkey model. Four adult vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and treated subcuratively at 28 days after infection (dpi) to induce late stage disease. Three noninfected monkeys formed the control group. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were obtained at weekly intervals and assessed for various biological parameters. A typical HAT-like infection was observed. The late stage was characterized by significant (P < 0.05) elevation of CSF IL-6, white blood cell count, and total protein starting 35 dpi with peak levels of these parameters coinciding with relapse parasitaemia. Brain immunohistochemical staining revealed an increase in brain glial fibrillary acidic protein expression indicative of reactive astrogliosis in infected animals which were euthanized in late-stage disease. The elevation of IL-6 in CSF which accompanied other HAT biomarkers indicates onset of parasite neuroinvasion and show potential for use as an adjunct late-stage disease biomarker in the Rhodesian sleeping sickness. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3806132/ /pubmed/24194772 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/320509 Text en Copyright © 2013 Dawn Nyawira Maranga et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nyawira Maranga, Dawn Kagira, John Maina Kinyanjui, Christopher Kariuki Muturi Karanja, Simon Wangari Maina, Naomi Ngotho, Maina IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
title | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
|
title_full | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
|
title_fullStr | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
|
title_full_unstemmed | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
|
title_short | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
|
title_sort | il-6 is upregulated in late-stage disease in monkeys experimentally infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3806132/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194772 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/320509 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nyawiramarangadawn il6isupregulatedinlatestagediseaseinmonkeysexperimentallyinfectedwithtrypanosomabruceirhodesiense AT kagirajohnmaina il6isupregulatedinlatestagediseaseinmonkeysexperimentallyinfectedwithtrypanosomabruceirhodesiense AT kinyanjuichristopherkariuki il6isupregulatedinlatestagediseaseinmonkeysexperimentallyinfectedwithtrypanosomabruceirhodesiense AT muturikaranjasimon il6isupregulatedinlatestagediseaseinmonkeysexperimentallyinfectedwithtrypanosomabruceirhodesiense AT wangarimainanaomi il6isupregulatedinlatestagediseaseinmonkeysexperimentallyinfectedwithtrypanosomabruceirhodesiense AT ngothomaina il6isupregulatedinlatestagediseaseinmonkeysexperimentallyinfectedwithtrypanosomabruceirhodesiense |