Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in an Immunocompetent Patient?

BACKGROUND: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal, demyelinating disease affecting immunosuppressed patients. PML is rarely reported in cases with no underlying disease or immunosuppression-associated condition. CASE REPORT: We present a 72-year-old previously healthy woman who developed a progressive neurological condition affecting the entire nervous system which led to her death within 5 months. PML was diagnosed at autopsy. CONCLUSION: PML should be considered in patients with progressive neurological disorders involving the white matter, even in the absence of previous immunomodulatory treatment or immunosuppression.