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A novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of Citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments

Citrus is the first tree crop in terms of fruit production. The colour of Citrus fruit is one of the main quality attributes, caused by the accumulation of carotenoids and their derivative C(30) apocarotenoids, mainly β-citraurin (3-hydroxy-β-apo-8′-carotenal), which provide an attractive orange-red...

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Autores principales: Rodrigo, María J., Alquézar, Berta, Alós, Enriqueta, Medina, Víctor, Carmona, Lourdes, Bruno, Mark, Al-Babili, Salim, Zacarías, Lorenzo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24006419
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert260
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author Rodrigo, María J.
Alquézar, Berta
Alós, Enriqueta
Medina, Víctor
Carmona, Lourdes
Bruno, Mark
Al-Babili, Salim
Zacarías, Lorenzo
author_facet Rodrigo, María J.
Alquézar, Berta
Alós, Enriqueta
Medina, Víctor
Carmona, Lourdes
Bruno, Mark
Al-Babili, Salim
Zacarías, Lorenzo
author_sort Rodrigo, María J.
collection PubMed
description Citrus is the first tree crop in terms of fruit production. The colour of Citrus fruit is one of the main quality attributes, caused by the accumulation of carotenoids and their derivative C(30) apocarotenoids, mainly β-citraurin (3-hydroxy-β-apo-8′-carotenal), which provide an attractive orange-reddish tint to the peel of oranges and mandarins. Though carotenoid biosynthesis and its regulation have been extensively studied in Citrus fruits, little is known about the formation of C(30) apocarotenoids. The aim of this study was to the identify carotenoid cleavage enzyme(s) [CCD(s)] involved in the peel-specific C(30) apocarotenoids. In silico data mining revealed a new family of five CCD4-type genes in Citrus. One gene of this family, CCD4b1, was expressed in reproductive and vegetative tissues of different Citrus species in a pattern correlating with the accumulation of C(30) apocarotenoids. Moreover, developmental processes and treatments which alter Citrus fruit peel pigmentation led to changes of β-citraurin content and CCD4b1 transcript levels. These results point to the involvement of CCD4b1 in β-citraurin formation and indicate that the accumulation of this compound is determined by the availability of the presumed precursors zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin. Functional analysis of CCD4b1 by in vitro assays unequivocally demonstrated the asymmetric cleavage activity at the 7′,8′ double bond in zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin, confirming its role in C(30) apocarotenoid biosynthesis. Thus, a novel plant carotenoid cleavage activity targeting the 7′,8′ double bond of cyclic C(40) carotenoids has been identified. These results suggest that the presented enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of C(30) apocarotenoids in Citrus which are key pigments in fruit coloration.
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spelling pubmed-38083262013-10-26 A novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of Citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments Rodrigo, María J. Alquézar, Berta Alós, Enriqueta Medina, Víctor Carmona, Lourdes Bruno, Mark Al-Babili, Salim Zacarías, Lorenzo J Exp Bot Research Paper Citrus is the first tree crop in terms of fruit production. The colour of Citrus fruit is one of the main quality attributes, caused by the accumulation of carotenoids and their derivative C(30) apocarotenoids, mainly β-citraurin (3-hydroxy-β-apo-8′-carotenal), which provide an attractive orange-reddish tint to the peel of oranges and mandarins. Though carotenoid biosynthesis and its regulation have been extensively studied in Citrus fruits, little is known about the formation of C(30) apocarotenoids. The aim of this study was to the identify carotenoid cleavage enzyme(s) [CCD(s)] involved in the peel-specific C(30) apocarotenoids. In silico data mining revealed a new family of five CCD4-type genes in Citrus. One gene of this family, CCD4b1, was expressed in reproductive and vegetative tissues of different Citrus species in a pattern correlating with the accumulation of C(30) apocarotenoids. Moreover, developmental processes and treatments which alter Citrus fruit peel pigmentation led to changes of β-citraurin content and CCD4b1 transcript levels. These results point to the involvement of CCD4b1 in β-citraurin formation and indicate that the accumulation of this compound is determined by the availability of the presumed precursors zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin. Functional analysis of CCD4b1 by in vitro assays unequivocally demonstrated the asymmetric cleavage activity at the 7′,8′ double bond in zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin, confirming its role in C(30) apocarotenoid biosynthesis. Thus, a novel plant carotenoid cleavage activity targeting the 7′,8′ double bond of cyclic C(40) carotenoids has been identified. These results suggest that the presented enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of C(30) apocarotenoids in Citrus which are key pigments in fruit coloration. Oxford University Press 2013-11 2013-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3808326/ /pubmed/24006419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert260 Text en © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Paper
Rodrigo, María J.
Alquézar, Berta
Alós, Enriqueta
Medina, Víctor
Carmona, Lourdes
Bruno, Mark
Al-Babili, Salim
Zacarías, Lorenzo
A novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of Citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments
title A novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of Citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments
title_full A novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of Citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments
title_fullStr A novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of Citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments
title_full_unstemmed A novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of Citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments
title_short A novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of Citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments
title_sort novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24006419
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert260
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