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Infection with Usutu Virus Induces an Autophagic Response in Mammalian Cells
Usutu virus (USUV) is an African mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, which host range includes mainly mosquitoes and birds, although infections in humans have been also documented, thus warning about USUV as a potential health threat. Circula...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812092/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205422 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002509 |
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author | Blázquez, Ana-Belén Escribano-Romero, Estela Merino-Ramos, Teresa Saiz, Juan-Carlos Martín-Acebes, Miguel A. |
author_facet | Blázquez, Ana-Belén Escribano-Romero, Estela Merino-Ramos, Teresa Saiz, Juan-Carlos Martín-Acebes, Miguel A. |
author_sort | Blázquez, Ana-Belén |
collection | PubMed |
description | Usutu virus (USUV) is an African mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, which host range includes mainly mosquitoes and birds, although infections in humans have been also documented, thus warning about USUV as a potential health threat. Circulation of USUV in Africa was documented more than 50 years ago, but it was not until the last decade that it emerged in Europe causing episodes of avian mortality and some human severe cases. Since autophagy is a cellular pathway that can play important roles on different aspects of viral infections and pathogenesis, the possible implication of this pathway in USUV infection has been examined using Vero cells and two viral strains of different origin. USUV infection induced the unfolded protein response, revealed by the splicing of Xbp-1 mRNA. Infection with USUV also stimulated the autophagic process, which was demonstrated by an increase in the cytoplasmic aggregation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a marker of autophagosome formation. In addition to this, an increase in the lipidated form of LC3, that is associated with autophagosome formation, was noticed following infection. Pharmacological modulation of the autophagic pathway with the inductor of autophagy rapamycin resulted in an increase in virus yield. On the other hand, treatment with 3-methyladenine or wortmannin, two distinct inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases involved in autophagy, resulted in a decrease in virus yield. These results indicate that USUV virus infection upregulates the cellular autophagic pathway and that drugs that target this pathway can modulate the infection of this virus, thus identifying a potential druggable pathway in USUV-infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3812092 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38120922013-11-07 Infection with Usutu Virus Induces an Autophagic Response in Mammalian Cells Blázquez, Ana-Belén Escribano-Romero, Estela Merino-Ramos, Teresa Saiz, Juan-Carlos Martín-Acebes, Miguel A. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Usutu virus (USUV) is an African mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, which host range includes mainly mosquitoes and birds, although infections in humans have been also documented, thus warning about USUV as a potential health threat. Circulation of USUV in Africa was documented more than 50 years ago, but it was not until the last decade that it emerged in Europe causing episodes of avian mortality and some human severe cases. Since autophagy is a cellular pathway that can play important roles on different aspects of viral infections and pathogenesis, the possible implication of this pathway in USUV infection has been examined using Vero cells and two viral strains of different origin. USUV infection induced the unfolded protein response, revealed by the splicing of Xbp-1 mRNA. Infection with USUV also stimulated the autophagic process, which was demonstrated by an increase in the cytoplasmic aggregation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a marker of autophagosome formation. In addition to this, an increase in the lipidated form of LC3, that is associated with autophagosome formation, was noticed following infection. Pharmacological modulation of the autophagic pathway with the inductor of autophagy rapamycin resulted in an increase in virus yield. On the other hand, treatment with 3-methyladenine or wortmannin, two distinct inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases involved in autophagy, resulted in a decrease in virus yield. These results indicate that USUV virus infection upregulates the cellular autophagic pathway and that drugs that target this pathway can modulate the infection of this virus, thus identifying a potential druggable pathway in USUV-infection. Public Library of Science 2013-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC3812092/ /pubmed/24205422 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002509 Text en © 2013 Blázquez et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Blázquez, Ana-Belén Escribano-Romero, Estela Merino-Ramos, Teresa Saiz, Juan-Carlos Martín-Acebes, Miguel A. Infection with Usutu Virus Induces an Autophagic Response in Mammalian Cells |
title | Infection with Usutu Virus Induces an Autophagic Response in Mammalian Cells |
title_full | Infection with Usutu Virus Induces an Autophagic Response in Mammalian Cells |
title_fullStr | Infection with Usutu Virus Induces an Autophagic Response in Mammalian Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Infection with Usutu Virus Induces an Autophagic Response in Mammalian Cells |
title_short | Infection with Usutu Virus Induces an Autophagic Response in Mammalian Cells |
title_sort | infection with usutu virus induces an autophagic response in mammalian cells |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812092/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205422 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002509 |
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