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Nitrogen-Dependent Regulation of De Novo Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Rice: The Role of Glutamine Metabolism as an Additional Signal

Cytokinin activity in plants is closely related to nitrogen availability, and an Arabidopsis gene for adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferase (IPT), IPT3, is regulated by inorganic nitrogen sources in a nitrate-specific manner. In this study, we have identified another regulatory system of cytoki...

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Autores principales: Kamada-Nobusada, Tomoe, Makita, Nobue, Kojima, Mikiko, Sakakibara, Hitoshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3814184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058148
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pct127
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author Kamada-Nobusada, Tomoe
Makita, Nobue
Kojima, Mikiko
Sakakibara, Hitoshi
author_facet Kamada-Nobusada, Tomoe
Makita, Nobue
Kojima, Mikiko
Sakakibara, Hitoshi
author_sort Kamada-Nobusada, Tomoe
collection PubMed
description Cytokinin activity in plants is closely related to nitrogen availability, and an Arabidopsis gene for adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferase (IPT), IPT3, is regulated by inorganic nitrogen sources in a nitrate-specific manner. In this study, we have identified another regulatory system of cytokinin de novo biosynthesis in response to nitrogen status. In rice, OsIPT4, OsIPT5, OsIPT7 and OsIPT8 were up-regulated in response to exogenously applied nitrate and ammonium, with accompanying accumulation of cytokinins. Pre-treatment of roots with l-methionine sulfoximine, a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, abolished the nitrate- and ammonium-dependent induction of OsIPT4 and OsIPT5, while glutamine application induced their expression. Thus, neither nitrate nor ammonium, but glutamine or a related metabolite, is essential for the induction of these IPT genes in rice. On the other hand, glutamine-dependent induction of IPT3 occurs in Arabidopsis, at least to some extent. In transgenic lines repressing the expression of OsIPT4, which is the dominant IPT in rice roots, the nitrogen-dependent increase of cytokinin in the xylem sap was significantly reduced, and seedling shoot growth was retarded despite sufficient nitrogen. We conclude that plants possess multiple regulation systems for nitrogen-dependent cytokinin biosynthesis to modulate growth in response to nitrogen availability.
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spelling pubmed-38141842013-10-31 Nitrogen-Dependent Regulation of De Novo Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Rice: The Role of Glutamine Metabolism as an Additional Signal Kamada-Nobusada, Tomoe Makita, Nobue Kojima, Mikiko Sakakibara, Hitoshi Plant Cell Physiol Regular Papers Cytokinin activity in plants is closely related to nitrogen availability, and an Arabidopsis gene for adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferase (IPT), IPT3, is regulated by inorganic nitrogen sources in a nitrate-specific manner. In this study, we have identified another regulatory system of cytokinin de novo biosynthesis in response to nitrogen status. In rice, OsIPT4, OsIPT5, OsIPT7 and OsIPT8 were up-regulated in response to exogenously applied nitrate and ammonium, with accompanying accumulation of cytokinins. Pre-treatment of roots with l-methionine sulfoximine, a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, abolished the nitrate- and ammonium-dependent induction of OsIPT4 and OsIPT5, while glutamine application induced their expression. Thus, neither nitrate nor ammonium, but glutamine or a related metabolite, is essential for the induction of these IPT genes in rice. On the other hand, glutamine-dependent induction of IPT3 occurs in Arabidopsis, at least to some extent. In transgenic lines repressing the expression of OsIPT4, which is the dominant IPT in rice roots, the nitrogen-dependent increase of cytokinin in the xylem sap was significantly reduced, and seedling shoot growth was retarded despite sufficient nitrogen. We conclude that plants possess multiple regulation systems for nitrogen-dependent cytokinin biosynthesis to modulate growth in response to nitrogen availability. Oxford University Press 2013-11 2013-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3814184/ /pubmed/24058148 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pct127 Text en © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Regular Papers
Kamada-Nobusada, Tomoe
Makita, Nobue
Kojima, Mikiko
Sakakibara, Hitoshi
Nitrogen-Dependent Regulation of De Novo Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Rice: The Role of Glutamine Metabolism as an Additional Signal
title Nitrogen-Dependent Regulation of De Novo Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Rice: The Role of Glutamine Metabolism as an Additional Signal
title_full Nitrogen-Dependent Regulation of De Novo Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Rice: The Role of Glutamine Metabolism as an Additional Signal
title_fullStr Nitrogen-Dependent Regulation of De Novo Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Rice: The Role of Glutamine Metabolism as an Additional Signal
title_full_unstemmed Nitrogen-Dependent Regulation of De Novo Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Rice: The Role of Glutamine Metabolism as an Additional Signal
title_short Nitrogen-Dependent Regulation of De Novo Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Rice: The Role of Glutamine Metabolism as an Additional Signal
title_sort nitrogen-dependent regulation of de novo cytokinin biosynthesis in rice: the role of glutamine metabolism as an additional signal
topic Regular Papers
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3814184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058148
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pct127
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