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Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin

Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic herb that provides many beneficial effects. Pharmacologic studies in the last decades have shown that ginsenosides (ginseng saponins) are primarily responsible for the actions of ginseng. However, the effect...

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Autores principales: Im, Dong-soon, Nah, Seung-yeol
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3818586/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24122014
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aps.2013.100
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author Im, Dong-soon
Nah, Seung-yeol
author_facet Im, Dong-soon
Nah, Seung-yeol
author_sort Im, Dong-soon
collection PubMed
description Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic herb that provides many beneficial effects. Pharmacologic studies in the last decades have shown that ginsenosides (ginseng saponins) are primarily responsible for the actions of ginseng. However, the effects of ginseng are not fully explained by ginsenosides. Recently, another class of active ingredients called gintonin was identified. Gintonin is a complex of glycosylated ginseng proteins containing lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) that are the intracellular lipid mitogenic mediator. Gintonin specifically and potently activates the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for LPA. Thus, the actions of ginseng are now also linked to LPA and its GPCRs. This linkage opens new dimensions for ginseng pharmacology and LPA therapeutics. In the present review, we evaluate the pharmacology of ginseng with the traditional viewpoint of Yin and Yang components. Furthermore, we will compare ginsenoside and gintonin based on the modern view of molecular pharmacology in terms of ion channels and GPCRs.
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spelling pubmed-38185862013-11-06 Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin Im, Dong-soon Nah, Seung-yeol Acta Pharmacol Sin Review Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic herb that provides many beneficial effects. Pharmacologic studies in the last decades have shown that ginsenosides (ginseng saponins) are primarily responsible for the actions of ginseng. However, the effects of ginseng are not fully explained by ginsenosides. Recently, another class of active ingredients called gintonin was identified. Gintonin is a complex of glycosylated ginseng proteins containing lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) that are the intracellular lipid mitogenic mediator. Gintonin specifically and potently activates the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for LPA. Thus, the actions of ginseng are now also linked to LPA and its GPCRs. This linkage opens new dimensions for ginseng pharmacology and LPA therapeutics. In the present review, we evaluate the pharmacology of ginseng with the traditional viewpoint of Yin and Yang components. Furthermore, we will compare ginsenoside and gintonin based on the modern view of molecular pharmacology in terms of ion channels and GPCRs. Nature Publishing Group 2013-11-05 2013-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3818586/ /pubmed/24122014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aps.2013.100 Text en Copyright © 2013 CPS and SIMM http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
spellingShingle Review
Im, Dong-soon
Nah, Seung-yeol
Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin
title Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin
title_full Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin
title_fullStr Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin
title_full_unstemmed Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin
title_short Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin
title_sort yin and yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3818586/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24122014
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aps.2013.100
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