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Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata

The production of host-selective toxins by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata is essential for the pathogenesis. A. alternata infection in citrus leaves induces rapid lipid peroxidation, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and cell death. The mechanisms by which A. alternata avoi...

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Autor principal: Chung, Kuang-Ren
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820455/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278721
http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/635431
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author Chung, Kuang-Ren
author_facet Chung, Kuang-Ren
author_sort Chung, Kuang-Ren
collection PubMed
description The production of host-selective toxins by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata is essential for the pathogenesis. A. alternata infection in citrus leaves induces rapid lipid peroxidation, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and cell death. The mechanisms by which A. alternata avoids killing by reactive oxygen species (ROS) after invasion have begun to be elucidated. The ability to coordinate of signaling pathways is essential for the detoxification of cellular stresses induced by ROS and for pathogenicity in A. alternata. A low level of H(2)O(2), produced by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) complex, modulates ROS resistance and triggers conidiation partially via regulating the redox-responsive regulators (YAP1 and SKN7) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (HOG1) mediated pathways, which subsequently regulate the genes required for the biosynthesis of siderophore, an iron-chelating compound. Siderophore-mediated iron acquisition plays a key role in ROS detoxification because of the requirement of iron for the activities of antioxidants (e.g., catalase and SOD). Fungal strains impaired for the ROS-detoxifying system severely reduce the virulence on susceptible citrus cultivars. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of signaling pathways associated with cellular responses to multidrugs, oxidative and osmotic stress, and fungicides, as well as the pathogenicity/virulence in the tangerine pathotype of A. alternata.
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spelling pubmed-38204552013-11-25 Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata Chung, Kuang-Ren Scientifica (Cairo) Review Article The production of host-selective toxins by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata is essential for the pathogenesis. A. alternata infection in citrus leaves induces rapid lipid peroxidation, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and cell death. The mechanisms by which A. alternata avoids killing by reactive oxygen species (ROS) after invasion have begun to be elucidated. The ability to coordinate of signaling pathways is essential for the detoxification of cellular stresses induced by ROS and for pathogenicity in A. alternata. A low level of H(2)O(2), produced by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) complex, modulates ROS resistance and triggers conidiation partially via regulating the redox-responsive regulators (YAP1 and SKN7) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (HOG1) mediated pathways, which subsequently regulate the genes required for the biosynthesis of siderophore, an iron-chelating compound. Siderophore-mediated iron acquisition plays a key role in ROS detoxification because of the requirement of iron for the activities of antioxidants (e.g., catalase and SOD). Fungal strains impaired for the ROS-detoxifying system severely reduce the virulence on susceptible citrus cultivars. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of signaling pathways associated with cellular responses to multidrugs, oxidative and osmotic stress, and fungicides, as well as the pathogenicity/virulence in the tangerine pathotype of A. alternata. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3820455/ /pubmed/24278721 http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/635431 Text en Copyright © 2012 Kuang-Ren Chung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Chung, Kuang-Ren
Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata
title Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata
title_full Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata
title_fullStr Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata
title_full_unstemmed Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata
title_short Stress Response and Pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Alternaria alternata
title_sort stress response and pathogenicity of the necrotrophic fungal pathogen alternaria alternata
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820455/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278721
http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/635431
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