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Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors

BACKGROUND: Being physically assaulted is known to increase the risk of the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms but it may also skew judgements about the intentions of other people. The objectives of the study were to assess paranoia and PTSD after an assault and to test whe...

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Autores principales: Freeman, D., Thompson, C., Vorontsova, N., Dunn, G., Carter, L.-A., Garety, P., Kuipers, E., Slater, M., Antley, A., Glucksman, E., Ehlers, A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821375/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23531413
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003329171300038X
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author Freeman, D.
Thompson, C.
Vorontsova, N.
Dunn, G.
Carter, L.-A.
Garety, P.
Kuipers, E.
Slater, M.
Antley, A.
Glucksman, E.
Ehlers, A.
author_facet Freeman, D.
Thompson, C.
Vorontsova, N.
Dunn, G.
Carter, L.-A.
Garety, P.
Kuipers, E.
Slater, M.
Antley, A.
Glucksman, E.
Ehlers, A.
author_sort Freeman, D.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Being physically assaulted is known to increase the risk of the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms but it may also skew judgements about the intentions of other people. The objectives of the study were to assess paranoia and PTSD after an assault and to test whether theory-derived cognitive factors predicted the persistence of these problems. METHOD: At 4 weeks after hospital attendance due to an assault, 106 people were assessed on multiple symptom measures (including virtual reality) and cognitive factors from models of paranoia and PTSD. The symptom measures were repeated 3 and 6 months later. RESULTS: Factor analysis indicated that paranoia and PTSD were distinct experiences, though positively correlated. At 4 weeks, 33% of participants met diagnostic criteria for PTSD, falling to 16% at follow-up. Of the group at the first assessment, 80% reported that since the assault they were excessively fearful of other people, which over time fell to 66%. Almost all the cognitive factors (including information-processing style during the trauma, mental defeat, qualities of unwanted memories, self-blame, negative thoughts about self, worry, safety behaviours, anomalous internal experiences and cognitive inflexibility) predicted later paranoia and PTSD, but there was little evidence of differential prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Paranoia after an assault may be common and distinguishable from PTSD but predicted by a strikingly similar range of factors.
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spelling pubmed-38213752013-11-09 Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors Freeman, D. Thompson, C. Vorontsova, N. Dunn, G. Carter, L.-A. Garety, P. Kuipers, E. Slater, M. Antley, A. Glucksman, E. Ehlers, A. Psychol Med Original Articles BACKGROUND: Being physically assaulted is known to increase the risk of the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms but it may also skew judgements about the intentions of other people. The objectives of the study were to assess paranoia and PTSD after an assault and to test whether theory-derived cognitive factors predicted the persistence of these problems. METHOD: At 4 weeks after hospital attendance due to an assault, 106 people were assessed on multiple symptom measures (including virtual reality) and cognitive factors from models of paranoia and PTSD. The symptom measures were repeated 3 and 6 months later. RESULTS: Factor analysis indicated that paranoia and PTSD were distinct experiences, though positively correlated. At 4 weeks, 33% of participants met diagnostic criteria for PTSD, falling to 16% at follow-up. Of the group at the first assessment, 80% reported that since the assault they were excessively fearful of other people, which over time fell to 66%. Almost all the cognitive factors (including information-processing style during the trauma, mental defeat, qualities of unwanted memories, self-blame, negative thoughts about self, worry, safety behaviours, anomalous internal experiences and cognitive inflexibility) predicted later paranoia and PTSD, but there was little evidence of differential prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Paranoia after an assault may be common and distinguishable from PTSD but predicted by a strikingly similar range of factors. Cambridge University Press 2013-12 2013-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC3821375/ /pubmed/23531413 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003329171300038X Text en © Cambridge University Press 2013 The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/>. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Freeman, D.
Thompson, C.
Vorontsova, N.
Dunn, G.
Carter, L.-A.
Garety, P.
Kuipers, E.
Slater, M.
Antley, A.
Glucksman, E.
Ehlers, A.
Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors
title Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors
title_full Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors
title_fullStr Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors
title_full_unstemmed Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors
title_short Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors
title_sort paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821375/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23531413
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003329171300038X
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