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When Less Is More: Reduced Usefulness Training for the Learning of Anticipation Skill in Tennis

Participants in this study practiced with feedback to anticipate the left-right direction of forehand tennis shots played by stick-figure players. A technique based on principal component analysis was used to remove dynamical differences that are associated with shots to different directions. Differ...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Smeeton, Nicholas J., Huys, Raoul, Jacobs, David M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3823585/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24244564
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079811
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author Smeeton, Nicholas J.
Huys, Raoul
Jacobs, David M.
author_facet Smeeton, Nicholas J.
Huys, Raoul
Jacobs, David M.
author_sort Smeeton, Nicholas J.
collection PubMed
description Participants in this study practiced with feedback to anticipate the left-right direction of forehand tennis shots played by stick-figure players. A technique based on principal component analysis was used to remove dynamical differences that are associated with shots to different directions. Different body regions of the stick-figure players were neutralized with this procedure in the pretests and posttests, and in the practice phases. Experiment 1 showed that training is effective if during practice information is consistently present in the whole body of the player, but not if the information is neutralized in the whole body in half of the practice trials. Experiment 2 showed that training is effective if the variance associated with the direction of the shots is consistently present in one body region but neutralized in others, and that transfer occurs from practice with information in one body region to performance in conditions with information preserved only in other regions. Experiment 3 showed that occlusion has a much larger detrimental effect on learning than the applied neutralization technique, and that transfer between body regions occurs also with occlusion. Discussed are theoretical implications for understanding how biological motion is perceived and possible applications in a type of training referred to as reduced usefulness training.
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spelling pubmed-38235852013-11-15 When Less Is More: Reduced Usefulness Training for the Learning of Anticipation Skill in Tennis Smeeton, Nicholas J. Huys, Raoul Jacobs, David M. PLoS One Research Article Participants in this study practiced with feedback to anticipate the left-right direction of forehand tennis shots played by stick-figure players. A technique based on principal component analysis was used to remove dynamical differences that are associated with shots to different directions. Different body regions of the stick-figure players were neutralized with this procedure in the pretests and posttests, and in the practice phases. Experiment 1 showed that training is effective if during practice information is consistently present in the whole body of the player, but not if the information is neutralized in the whole body in half of the practice trials. Experiment 2 showed that training is effective if the variance associated with the direction of the shots is consistently present in one body region but neutralized in others, and that transfer occurs from practice with information in one body region to performance in conditions with information preserved only in other regions. Experiment 3 showed that occlusion has a much larger detrimental effect on learning than the applied neutralization technique, and that transfer between body regions occurs also with occlusion. Discussed are theoretical implications for understanding how biological motion is perceived and possible applications in a type of training referred to as reduced usefulness training. Public Library of Science 2013-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3823585/ /pubmed/24244564 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079811 Text en © 2013 Smeeton et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Smeeton, Nicholas J.
Huys, Raoul
Jacobs, David M.
When Less Is More: Reduced Usefulness Training for the Learning of Anticipation Skill in Tennis
title When Less Is More: Reduced Usefulness Training for the Learning of Anticipation Skill in Tennis
title_full When Less Is More: Reduced Usefulness Training for the Learning of Anticipation Skill in Tennis
title_fullStr When Less Is More: Reduced Usefulness Training for the Learning of Anticipation Skill in Tennis
title_full_unstemmed When Less Is More: Reduced Usefulness Training for the Learning of Anticipation Skill in Tennis
title_short When Less Is More: Reduced Usefulness Training for the Learning of Anticipation Skill in Tennis
title_sort when less is more: reduced usefulness training for the learning of anticipation skill in tennis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3823585/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24244564
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079811
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