Septic pulmonary embolism originated from subcutaneous abscess after living donor liver transplantation: a pitfall of postoperative management

The use of immunosuppressants after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with postoperative complications, including infections. A 49-year-old male underwent living-donor (LD) LT because of primary sclerosing cholangitis. He was treated with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids as immunosuppressants, discharged on postoperative day (POD) 40, and re-admitted because of severe acute cellular rejection on POD 48. Three courses of steroid pulse therapy were performed, and continuous peripheral intravenous drip infusion therapy via the left forearm was necessary for 20 days because of appetite loss. The patient was discharged on POD 83, but re-admitted on POD 87 with pyrexia. A subcutaneous abscess was present at a puncture wound on the left forearm formed by an intravenous drip during the last hospital stay. Furthermore, computed tomography showed five pieces of cavitary or wedge-shaped nodules in the bilateral lung. Because sputum revealed the presence of Gram-positive coccus, and subcutaneous abscess and blood cultures revealed Staphylococcus aureus, the pathogenesis was septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) secondary to S. aureus septicemia originating from a subcutaneous abscess formed by an intravenous drip. The patient was treated with drainage of the subcutaneous abscess and antibiotic therapy, and recovered immediately. Although there have been few reports of SPE after LDLT, SPE is fatal in up to 13.3 % of patients. Early diagnosis, drainage of the infectious source, and appropriate use of antimicrobial therapy should be necessary to overcome SPE. Furthermore, the identical intravenous catheters should be removed whenever possible to avoid infectious complications including SPE for patients who receive steroid pulse therapy after LDLT.