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The influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird

The application of artificial loads to mammals and birds has been used to provide insight into the mechanics and energetic cost of terrestrial locomotion. However, only two species of bird have previously been used in loading experiments, the cursorial guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and the locomoto...

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Autores principales: Tickle, Peter G., Lean, Samantha C., Rose, Kayleigh A. R., Wadugodapitiya, Avanti P., Codd, Jonathan R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Company of Biologists 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3828771/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24244861
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.20135538
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author Tickle, Peter G.
Lean, Samantha C.
Rose, Kayleigh A. R.
Wadugodapitiya, Avanti P.
Codd, Jonathan R.
author_facet Tickle, Peter G.
Lean, Samantha C.
Rose, Kayleigh A. R.
Wadugodapitiya, Avanti P.
Codd, Jonathan R.
author_sort Tickle, Peter G.
collection PubMed
description The application of artificial loads to mammals and birds has been used to provide insight into the mechanics and energetic cost of terrestrial locomotion. However, only two species of bird have previously been used in loading experiments, the cursorial guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and the locomotor-generalist barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis). Here, using respirometry and treadmill locomotion, we investigate the energetic cost of carrying trunk loads in a diving bird, the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula). Attachment of back loads equivalent to 10% and 20% of body mass increased the metabolic rate during locomotion (7.94% and 15.92%, respectively) while sternal loads of 5% and 10% had a greater proportional effect than the back loads (metabolic rate increased by 7.19% and 13.99%, respectively). No effect on locomotor kinematics was detected during any load carrying experiments. These results concur with previous reports of load carrying economy in birds, in that there is a less than proportional relationship between increasing load and metabolic rate (found previously in guinea fowl), while application of sternal loads causes an approximate doubling of metabolic rate compared to back loads (reported in an earlier study of barnacle geese). The increase in cost when carrying sternal loads may result from having to move this extra mass dorso-ventrally during respiration. Disparity in load carrying economy between species may arise from anatomical and physiological adaptations to different forms of locomotion, such as the varying uncinate process morphology and hindlimb tendon development in goose, guinea fowl and duck.
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spelling pubmed-38287712013-11-15 The influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird Tickle, Peter G. Lean, Samantha C. Rose, Kayleigh A. R. Wadugodapitiya, Avanti P. Codd, Jonathan R. Biol Open Research Article The application of artificial loads to mammals and birds has been used to provide insight into the mechanics and energetic cost of terrestrial locomotion. However, only two species of bird have previously been used in loading experiments, the cursorial guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and the locomotor-generalist barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis). Here, using respirometry and treadmill locomotion, we investigate the energetic cost of carrying trunk loads in a diving bird, the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula). Attachment of back loads equivalent to 10% and 20% of body mass increased the metabolic rate during locomotion (7.94% and 15.92%, respectively) while sternal loads of 5% and 10% had a greater proportional effect than the back loads (metabolic rate increased by 7.19% and 13.99%, respectively). No effect on locomotor kinematics was detected during any load carrying experiments. These results concur with previous reports of load carrying economy in birds, in that there is a less than proportional relationship between increasing load and metabolic rate (found previously in guinea fowl), while application of sternal loads causes an approximate doubling of metabolic rate compared to back loads (reported in an earlier study of barnacle geese). The increase in cost when carrying sternal loads may result from having to move this extra mass dorso-ventrally during respiration. Disparity in load carrying economy between species may arise from anatomical and physiological adaptations to different forms of locomotion, such as the varying uncinate process morphology and hindlimb tendon development in goose, guinea fowl and duck. The Company of Biologists 2013-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC3828771/ /pubmed/24244861 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.20135538 Text en © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Research Article
Tickle, Peter G.
Lean, Samantha C.
Rose, Kayleigh A. R.
Wadugodapitiya, Avanti P.
Codd, Jonathan R.
The influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird
title The influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird
title_full The influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird
title_fullStr The influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird
title_full_unstemmed The influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird
title_short The influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird
title_sort influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3828771/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24244861
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.20135538
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