Cargando…

Mechanisms Underlying CD4+ Treg Immune Regulation in the Adult: From Experiments to Models

To maintain immunological balance the organism has to be tolerant to self while remaining competent to mount an effective immune response against third-party antigens. An important mechanism of this immune regulation involves the action of regulatory T-cell (Tregs). In this mini-review, we discuss s...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Caridade, Marta, Graca, Luis, Ribeiro, Ruy M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24302924
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00378
_version_ 1782291576020533248
author Caridade, Marta
Graca, Luis
Ribeiro, Ruy M.
author_facet Caridade, Marta
Graca, Luis
Ribeiro, Ruy M.
author_sort Caridade, Marta
collection PubMed
description To maintain immunological balance the organism has to be tolerant to self while remaining competent to mount an effective immune response against third-party antigens. An important mechanism of this immune regulation involves the action of regulatory T-cell (Tregs). In this mini-review, we discuss some of the known and proposed mechanisms by which Tregs exert their influence in the context of immune regulation, and the contribution of mathematical modeling for these mechanistic studies. These models explore the mechanisms of action of regulatory T cells, and include hypotheses of multiple signals, delivered through simultaneous antigen-presenting cell (APC) conjugation; interaction of feedback loops between APC, Tregs, and effector cells; or production of specific cytokines that act on effector cells. As the field matures, and competing models are winnowed out, it is likely that we will be able to quantify how tolerance-inducing strategies, such as CD4-blockade, affect T-cell dynamics and what mechanisms explain the observed behavior of T-cell based tolerance.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3831161
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2013
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-38311612013-12-03 Mechanisms Underlying CD4+ Treg Immune Regulation in the Adult: From Experiments to Models Caridade, Marta Graca, Luis Ribeiro, Ruy M. Front Immunol Immunology To maintain immunological balance the organism has to be tolerant to self while remaining competent to mount an effective immune response against third-party antigens. An important mechanism of this immune regulation involves the action of regulatory T-cell (Tregs). In this mini-review, we discuss some of the known and proposed mechanisms by which Tregs exert their influence in the context of immune regulation, and the contribution of mathematical modeling for these mechanistic studies. These models explore the mechanisms of action of regulatory T cells, and include hypotheses of multiple signals, delivered through simultaneous antigen-presenting cell (APC) conjugation; interaction of feedback loops between APC, Tregs, and effector cells; or production of specific cytokines that act on effector cells. As the field matures, and competing models are winnowed out, it is likely that we will be able to quantify how tolerance-inducing strategies, such as CD4-blockade, affect T-cell dynamics and what mechanisms explain the observed behavior of T-cell based tolerance. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3831161/ /pubmed/24302924 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00378 Text en Copyright © 2013 Caridade, Graca and Ribeiro. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Caridade, Marta
Graca, Luis
Ribeiro, Ruy M.
Mechanisms Underlying CD4+ Treg Immune Regulation in the Adult: From Experiments to Models
title Mechanisms Underlying CD4+ Treg Immune Regulation in the Adult: From Experiments to Models
title_full Mechanisms Underlying CD4+ Treg Immune Regulation in the Adult: From Experiments to Models
title_fullStr Mechanisms Underlying CD4+ Treg Immune Regulation in the Adult: From Experiments to Models
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms Underlying CD4+ Treg Immune Regulation in the Adult: From Experiments to Models
title_short Mechanisms Underlying CD4+ Treg Immune Regulation in the Adult: From Experiments to Models
title_sort mechanisms underlying cd4+ treg immune regulation in the adult: from experiments to models
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24302924
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00378
work_keys_str_mv AT caridademarta mechanismsunderlyingcd4tregimmuneregulationintheadultfromexperimentstomodels
AT gracaluis mechanismsunderlyingcd4tregimmuneregulationintheadultfromexperimentstomodels
AT ribeiroruym mechanismsunderlyingcd4tregimmuneregulationintheadultfromexperimentstomodels