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Morning Sleep Inertia in Alertness and Performance: Effect of Cognitive Domain and White Light Conditions

The transition from sleep to wakefulness entails a temporary period of reduced alertness and impaired performance known as sleep inertia. The extent to which its severity varies with task and cognitive processes remains unclear. We examined sleep inertia in alertness, attention, working memory and c...

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Autores principales: Santhi, Nayantara, Groeger, John A., Archer, Simon N., Gimenez, Marina, Schlangen, Luc J. M., Dijk, Derk-Jan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832615/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260280
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079688
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author Santhi, Nayantara
Groeger, John A.
Archer, Simon N.
Gimenez, Marina
Schlangen, Luc J. M.
Dijk, Derk-Jan
author_facet Santhi, Nayantara
Groeger, John A.
Archer, Simon N.
Gimenez, Marina
Schlangen, Luc J. M.
Dijk, Derk-Jan
author_sort Santhi, Nayantara
collection PubMed
description The transition from sleep to wakefulness entails a temporary period of reduced alertness and impaired performance known as sleep inertia. The extent to which its severity varies with task and cognitive processes remains unclear. We examined sleep inertia in alertness, attention, working memory and cognitive throughput with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), n-back and add tasks, respectively. The tasks were administered 2 hours before bedtime and at regular intervals for four hours, starting immediately after awakening in the morning, in eleven participants, in a four-way cross-over laboratory design. We also investigated whether exposure to Blue-Enhanced or Bright Blue-Enhanced white light would reduce sleep inertia. Alertness and all cognitive processes were impaired immediately upon awakening (p<0.01). However, alertness and sustained attention were more affected than cognitive throughput and working memory. Moreover, speed was more affected than accuracy of responses. The light conditions had no differential effect on performance except in the 3-back task (p<0.01), where response times (RT) at the end of four hours in the two Blue-Enhanced white light conditions were faster (200 ms) than at wake time. We conclude that the effect of sleep inertia varies with cognitive domain and that it’s spectral/intensity response to light is different from that of sleepiness. That is, just increasing blue-wavelength in light may not be sufficient to reduce sleep inertia. These findings have implications for critical professions like medicine, law-enforcement etc., in which, personnel routinely wake up from night-time sleep to respond to emergency situations.
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spelling pubmed-38326152013-11-20 Morning Sleep Inertia in Alertness and Performance: Effect of Cognitive Domain and White Light Conditions Santhi, Nayantara Groeger, John A. Archer, Simon N. Gimenez, Marina Schlangen, Luc J. M. Dijk, Derk-Jan PLoS One Research Article The transition from sleep to wakefulness entails a temporary period of reduced alertness and impaired performance known as sleep inertia. The extent to which its severity varies with task and cognitive processes remains unclear. We examined sleep inertia in alertness, attention, working memory and cognitive throughput with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), n-back and add tasks, respectively. The tasks were administered 2 hours before bedtime and at regular intervals for four hours, starting immediately after awakening in the morning, in eleven participants, in a four-way cross-over laboratory design. We also investigated whether exposure to Blue-Enhanced or Bright Blue-Enhanced white light would reduce sleep inertia. Alertness and all cognitive processes were impaired immediately upon awakening (p<0.01). However, alertness and sustained attention were more affected than cognitive throughput and working memory. Moreover, speed was more affected than accuracy of responses. The light conditions had no differential effect on performance except in the 3-back task (p<0.01), where response times (RT) at the end of four hours in the two Blue-Enhanced white light conditions were faster (200 ms) than at wake time. We conclude that the effect of sleep inertia varies with cognitive domain and that it’s spectral/intensity response to light is different from that of sleepiness. That is, just increasing blue-wavelength in light may not be sufficient to reduce sleep inertia. These findings have implications for critical professions like medicine, law-enforcement etc., in which, personnel routinely wake up from night-time sleep to respond to emergency situations. Public Library of Science 2013-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3832615/ /pubmed/24260280 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079688 Text en © 2013 Santhi et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Santhi, Nayantara
Groeger, John A.
Archer, Simon N.
Gimenez, Marina
Schlangen, Luc J. M.
Dijk, Derk-Jan
Morning Sleep Inertia in Alertness and Performance: Effect of Cognitive Domain and White Light Conditions
title Morning Sleep Inertia in Alertness and Performance: Effect of Cognitive Domain and White Light Conditions
title_full Morning Sleep Inertia in Alertness and Performance: Effect of Cognitive Domain and White Light Conditions
title_fullStr Morning Sleep Inertia in Alertness and Performance: Effect of Cognitive Domain and White Light Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Morning Sleep Inertia in Alertness and Performance: Effect of Cognitive Domain and White Light Conditions
title_short Morning Sleep Inertia in Alertness and Performance: Effect of Cognitive Domain and White Light Conditions
title_sort morning sleep inertia in alertness and performance: effect of cognitive domain and white light conditions
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832615/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260280
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079688
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