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Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke

Newborn striatal neurons induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) can form functional projections targeting into the substantia nigra, which should be very important for the recovery of motor function. Exercise training post-stroke improves motor recovery in clinic patients and increases s...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Qiu-Wan, Deng, Xu-Xu, Sun, Xiao, Xu, Jin-Xiu, Sun, Feng-Yan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3833893/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260348
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080139
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author Zhang, Qiu-Wan
Deng, Xu-Xu
Sun, Xiao
Xu, Jin-Xiu
Sun, Feng-Yan
author_facet Zhang, Qiu-Wan
Deng, Xu-Xu
Sun, Xiao
Xu, Jin-Xiu
Sun, Feng-Yan
author_sort Zhang, Qiu-Wan
collection PubMed
description Newborn striatal neurons induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) can form functional projections targeting into the substantia nigra, which should be very important for the recovery of motor function. Exercise training post-stroke improves motor recovery in clinic patients and increases striatal neurogenesis in experimental animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on axon regeneration of newborn projection neurons in adult rat brains following ischemic stroke. Rats were subjected to a transient MCAO to induce focal cerebral ischemic injury, followed by 30 minutes of exercise training daily from 5 to 28 days after MCAO. Motor function was tested using the rotarod test. We used fluorogold (FG) nigral injection to trace striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-targeting retroviral vectors combined with FG double labeling (GFP(+) -FG(+)) to detect newborn projection neurons. The results showed that exercise improved the recovery of motor function of rats after MCAO. Meanwhile, exercise also increased the levels of BDNF and VEGF, and reduced Nogo-A in ischemic brain. On this condition, we further found that exercise significantly increased the number of GFP(+) -FG(+) neurons in the striatum and frontal and parietal cortex ipsilateral to MCAO, suggesting an increase of newborn striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons by exercise post-stroke. In addition, we found that exercise also increased NeuN(+) and FG(+) cells in the striatum and frontal and parietal cortex, the ischemic territory, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunopositive staining cells in the substantia nigra, a region remote from the ischemic territory. Our results provide the first evidence that exercise can effectively enhance the capacity for regeneration of newborn projection neurons in ischemic injured mammalian brains while improving motor function. Our results provide a very important cellular mechanism to illustrate the effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment post-stroke in the clinic.
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spelling pubmed-38338932013-11-20 Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke Zhang, Qiu-Wan Deng, Xu-Xu Sun, Xiao Xu, Jin-Xiu Sun, Feng-Yan PLoS One Research Article Newborn striatal neurons induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) can form functional projections targeting into the substantia nigra, which should be very important for the recovery of motor function. Exercise training post-stroke improves motor recovery in clinic patients and increases striatal neurogenesis in experimental animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on axon regeneration of newborn projection neurons in adult rat brains following ischemic stroke. Rats were subjected to a transient MCAO to induce focal cerebral ischemic injury, followed by 30 minutes of exercise training daily from 5 to 28 days after MCAO. Motor function was tested using the rotarod test. We used fluorogold (FG) nigral injection to trace striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-targeting retroviral vectors combined with FG double labeling (GFP(+) -FG(+)) to detect newborn projection neurons. The results showed that exercise improved the recovery of motor function of rats after MCAO. Meanwhile, exercise also increased the levels of BDNF and VEGF, and reduced Nogo-A in ischemic brain. On this condition, we further found that exercise significantly increased the number of GFP(+) -FG(+) neurons in the striatum and frontal and parietal cortex ipsilateral to MCAO, suggesting an increase of newborn striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons by exercise post-stroke. In addition, we found that exercise also increased NeuN(+) and FG(+) cells in the striatum and frontal and parietal cortex, the ischemic territory, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunopositive staining cells in the substantia nigra, a region remote from the ischemic territory. Our results provide the first evidence that exercise can effectively enhance the capacity for regeneration of newborn projection neurons in ischemic injured mammalian brains while improving motor function. Our results provide a very important cellular mechanism to illustrate the effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment post-stroke in the clinic. Public Library of Science 2013-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3833893/ /pubmed/24260348 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080139 Text en © 2013 Zhang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhang, Qiu-Wan
Deng, Xu-Xu
Sun, Xiao
Xu, Jin-Xiu
Sun, Feng-Yan
Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke
title Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke
title_full Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke
title_fullStr Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke
title_full_unstemmed Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke
title_short Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke
title_sort exercise promotes axon regeneration of newborn striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons in rats after ischemic stroke
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3833893/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260348
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080139
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