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Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke
Newborn striatal neurons induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) can form functional projections targeting into the substantia nigra, which should be very important for the recovery of motor function. Exercise training post-stroke improves motor recovery in clinic patients and increases s...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3833893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260348 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080139 |
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author | Zhang, Qiu-Wan Deng, Xu-Xu Sun, Xiao Xu, Jin-Xiu Sun, Feng-Yan |
author_facet | Zhang, Qiu-Wan Deng, Xu-Xu Sun, Xiao Xu, Jin-Xiu Sun, Feng-Yan |
author_sort | Zhang, Qiu-Wan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Newborn striatal neurons induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) can form functional projections targeting into the substantia nigra, which should be very important for the recovery of motor function. Exercise training post-stroke improves motor recovery in clinic patients and increases striatal neurogenesis in experimental animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on axon regeneration of newborn projection neurons in adult rat brains following ischemic stroke. Rats were subjected to a transient MCAO to induce focal cerebral ischemic injury, followed by 30 minutes of exercise training daily from 5 to 28 days after MCAO. Motor function was tested using the rotarod test. We used fluorogold (FG) nigral injection to trace striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-targeting retroviral vectors combined with FG double labeling (GFP(+) -FG(+)) to detect newborn projection neurons. The results showed that exercise improved the recovery of motor function of rats after MCAO. Meanwhile, exercise also increased the levels of BDNF and VEGF, and reduced Nogo-A in ischemic brain. On this condition, we further found that exercise significantly increased the number of GFP(+) -FG(+) neurons in the striatum and frontal and parietal cortex ipsilateral to MCAO, suggesting an increase of newborn striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons by exercise post-stroke. In addition, we found that exercise also increased NeuN(+) and FG(+) cells in the striatum and frontal and parietal cortex, the ischemic territory, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunopositive staining cells in the substantia nigra, a region remote from the ischemic territory. Our results provide the first evidence that exercise can effectively enhance the capacity for regeneration of newborn projection neurons in ischemic injured mammalian brains while improving motor function. Our results provide a very important cellular mechanism to illustrate the effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment post-stroke in the clinic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3833893 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38338932013-11-20 Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke Zhang, Qiu-Wan Deng, Xu-Xu Sun, Xiao Xu, Jin-Xiu Sun, Feng-Yan PLoS One Research Article Newborn striatal neurons induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) can form functional projections targeting into the substantia nigra, which should be very important for the recovery of motor function. Exercise training post-stroke improves motor recovery in clinic patients and increases striatal neurogenesis in experimental animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on axon regeneration of newborn projection neurons in adult rat brains following ischemic stroke. Rats were subjected to a transient MCAO to induce focal cerebral ischemic injury, followed by 30 minutes of exercise training daily from 5 to 28 days after MCAO. Motor function was tested using the rotarod test. We used fluorogold (FG) nigral injection to trace striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-targeting retroviral vectors combined with FG double labeling (GFP(+) -FG(+)) to detect newborn projection neurons. The results showed that exercise improved the recovery of motor function of rats after MCAO. Meanwhile, exercise also increased the levels of BDNF and VEGF, and reduced Nogo-A in ischemic brain. On this condition, we further found that exercise significantly increased the number of GFP(+) -FG(+) neurons in the striatum and frontal and parietal cortex ipsilateral to MCAO, suggesting an increase of newborn striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons by exercise post-stroke. In addition, we found that exercise also increased NeuN(+) and FG(+) cells in the striatum and frontal and parietal cortex, the ischemic territory, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunopositive staining cells in the substantia nigra, a region remote from the ischemic territory. Our results provide the first evidence that exercise can effectively enhance the capacity for regeneration of newborn projection neurons in ischemic injured mammalian brains while improving motor function. Our results provide a very important cellular mechanism to illustrate the effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment post-stroke in the clinic. Public Library of Science 2013-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3833893/ /pubmed/24260348 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080139 Text en © 2013 Zhang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhang, Qiu-Wan Deng, Xu-Xu Sun, Xiao Xu, Jin-Xiu Sun, Feng-Yan Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke |
title | Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke |
title_full | Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke |
title_fullStr | Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke |
title_full_unstemmed | Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke |
title_short | Exercise Promotes Axon Regeneration of Newborn Striatonigral and Corticonigral Projection Neurons in Rats after Ischemic Stroke |
title_sort | exercise promotes axon regeneration of newborn striatonigral and corticonigral projection neurons in rats after ischemic stroke |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3833893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260348 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080139 |
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