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The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance
The hallmarks of neurons are their slender axons which represent the longest cellular processes of animals and which act as the cables that electrically wire the brain, and the brain to the body. Axons extend along reproducible paths during development and regeneration, and they have to be maintaine...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2013
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3846809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24010872 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-8104-8-17 |
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author | Prokop, Andreas |
author_facet | Prokop, Andreas |
author_sort | Prokop, Andreas |
collection | PubMed |
description | The hallmarks of neurons are their slender axons which represent the longest cellular processes of animals and which act as the cables that electrically wire the brain, and the brain to the body. Axons extend along reproducible paths during development and regeneration, and they have to be maintained for the lifetime of an organism. Both axon extension and maintenance essentially depend on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. For this, MTs organize into parallel bundles that are established through extension at the leading axon tips within growth cones, and these bundles then form the architectural backbones, as well as the highways for axonal transport essential for supply and intracellular communication. Axon transport over these enormous distances takes days or even weeks and is a substantial logistical challenge. It is performed by kinesins and dynein/dynactin, which are molecular motors that form close functional links to the MTs they walk along. The intricate machinery which regulates MT dynamics, axonal transport and the motors is essential for nervous system development and function, and its investigation has huge potential to bring urgently required progress in understanding the causes of many developmental and degenerative brain disorders. During the last years new explanations for the highly specific properties of axonal MTs and for their close functional links to motor proteins have emerged, and it has become increasingly clear that motors play active roles also in regulating axonal MT networks. Here, I will provide an overview of these new developments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3846809 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38468092013-12-03 The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance Prokop, Andreas Neural Dev Review The hallmarks of neurons are their slender axons which represent the longest cellular processes of animals and which act as the cables that electrically wire the brain, and the brain to the body. Axons extend along reproducible paths during development and regeneration, and they have to be maintained for the lifetime of an organism. Both axon extension and maintenance essentially depend on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. For this, MTs organize into parallel bundles that are established through extension at the leading axon tips within growth cones, and these bundles then form the architectural backbones, as well as the highways for axonal transport essential for supply and intracellular communication. Axon transport over these enormous distances takes days or even weeks and is a substantial logistical challenge. It is performed by kinesins and dynein/dynactin, which are molecular motors that form close functional links to the MTs they walk along. The intricate machinery which regulates MT dynamics, axonal transport and the motors is essential for nervous system development and function, and its investigation has huge potential to bring urgently required progress in understanding the causes of many developmental and degenerative brain disorders. During the last years new explanations for the highly specific properties of axonal MTs and for their close functional links to motor proteins have emerged, and it has become increasingly clear that motors play active roles also in regulating axonal MT networks. Here, I will provide an overview of these new developments. BioMed Central 2013-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3846809/ /pubmed/24010872 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-8104-8-17 Text en Copyright © 2013 Prokop; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Prokop, Andreas The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance |
title | The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance |
title_full | The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance |
title_fullStr | The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance |
title_full_unstemmed | The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance |
title_short | The intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance |
title_sort | intricate relationship between microtubules and their associated motor proteins during axon growth and maintenance |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3846809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24010872 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-8104-8-17 |
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