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Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro
The interplay between immune and nervous systems plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. In depressive episodes, patients show increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. There is limited information on the effe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847723/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257035 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins5112227 |
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author | Munzer, Alexander Sack, Ulrich Mergl, Roland Schönherr, Jeremias Petersein, Charlotte Bartsch, Stefanie Kirkby, Kenneth C. Bauer, Katrin Himmerich, Hubertus |
author_facet | Munzer, Alexander Sack, Ulrich Mergl, Roland Schönherr, Jeremias Petersein, Charlotte Bartsch, Stefanie Kirkby, Kenneth C. Bauer, Katrin Himmerich, Hubertus |
author_sort | Munzer, Alexander |
collection | PubMed |
description | The interplay between immune and nervous systems plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. In depressive episodes, patients show increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. There is limited information on the effect of antidepressant drugs on cytokines, most studies report on a limited sample of cytokines and none have reported effects on IL-22. We systematically investigated the effect of three antidepressant drugs, citalopram, escitalopram and mirtazapine, on secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α in a whole blood assay in vitro, using murine anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3, and 5C3 monoclonal antibody against CD40, to stimulate T and B cells respectively. Citalopram increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-22. Mirtazapine increased IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-22. Escitalopram decreased IL-17 levels. The influence of antidepressants on IL-2 and IL-4 levels was not significant for all three drugs. Compared to escitalopram, citalopram led to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22; and mirtazapine to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α. Mirtazapine and citalopram increased IL-22 production. The differing profile of cytokine production may relate to differences in therapeutic effects, risk of relapse and side effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3847723 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38477232013-12-03 Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro Munzer, Alexander Sack, Ulrich Mergl, Roland Schönherr, Jeremias Petersein, Charlotte Bartsch, Stefanie Kirkby, Kenneth C. Bauer, Katrin Himmerich, Hubertus Toxins (Basel) Article The interplay between immune and nervous systems plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. In depressive episodes, patients show increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. There is limited information on the effect of antidepressant drugs on cytokines, most studies report on a limited sample of cytokines and none have reported effects on IL-22. We systematically investigated the effect of three antidepressant drugs, citalopram, escitalopram and mirtazapine, on secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α in a whole blood assay in vitro, using murine anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3, and 5C3 monoclonal antibody against CD40, to stimulate T and B cells respectively. Citalopram increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-22. Mirtazapine increased IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-22. Escitalopram decreased IL-17 levels. The influence of antidepressants on IL-2 and IL-4 levels was not significant for all three drugs. Compared to escitalopram, citalopram led to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22; and mirtazapine to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α. Mirtazapine and citalopram increased IL-22 production. The differing profile of cytokine production may relate to differences in therapeutic effects, risk of relapse and side effects. MDPI 2013-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3847723/ /pubmed/24257035 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins5112227 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Munzer, Alexander Sack, Ulrich Mergl, Roland Schönherr, Jeremias Petersein, Charlotte Bartsch, Stefanie Kirkby, Kenneth C. Bauer, Katrin Himmerich, Hubertus Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro |
title | Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro |
title_full | Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro |
title_fullStr | Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro |
title_short | Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro |
title_sort | impact of antidepressants on cytokine production of depressed patients in vitro |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847723/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257035 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins5112227 |
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