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Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro

The interplay between immune and nervous systems plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. In depressive episodes, patients show increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. There is limited information on the effe...

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Autores principales: Munzer, Alexander, Sack, Ulrich, Mergl, Roland, Schönherr, Jeremias, Petersein, Charlotte, Bartsch, Stefanie, Kirkby, Kenneth C., Bauer, Katrin, Himmerich, Hubertus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257035
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins5112227
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author Munzer, Alexander
Sack, Ulrich
Mergl, Roland
Schönherr, Jeremias
Petersein, Charlotte
Bartsch, Stefanie
Kirkby, Kenneth C.
Bauer, Katrin
Himmerich, Hubertus
author_facet Munzer, Alexander
Sack, Ulrich
Mergl, Roland
Schönherr, Jeremias
Petersein, Charlotte
Bartsch, Stefanie
Kirkby, Kenneth C.
Bauer, Katrin
Himmerich, Hubertus
author_sort Munzer, Alexander
collection PubMed
description The interplay between immune and nervous systems plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. In depressive episodes, patients show increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. There is limited information on the effect of antidepressant drugs on cytokines, most studies report on a limited sample of cytokines and none have reported effects on IL-22. We systematically investigated the effect of three antidepressant drugs, citalopram, escitalopram and mirtazapine, on secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α in a whole blood assay in vitro, using murine anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3, and 5C3 monoclonal antibody against CD40, to stimulate T and B cells respectively. Citalopram increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-22. Mirtazapine increased IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-22. Escitalopram decreased IL-17 levels. The influence of antidepressants on IL-2 and IL-4 levels was not significant for all three drugs. Compared to escitalopram, citalopram led to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22; and mirtazapine to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α. Mirtazapine and citalopram increased IL-22 production. The differing profile of cytokine production may relate to differences in therapeutic effects, risk of relapse and side effects.
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spelling pubmed-38477232013-12-03 Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro Munzer, Alexander Sack, Ulrich Mergl, Roland Schönherr, Jeremias Petersein, Charlotte Bartsch, Stefanie Kirkby, Kenneth C. Bauer, Katrin Himmerich, Hubertus Toxins (Basel) Article The interplay between immune and nervous systems plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. In depressive episodes, patients show increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. There is limited information on the effect of antidepressant drugs on cytokines, most studies report on a limited sample of cytokines and none have reported effects on IL-22. We systematically investigated the effect of three antidepressant drugs, citalopram, escitalopram and mirtazapine, on secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α in a whole blood assay in vitro, using murine anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3, and 5C3 monoclonal antibody against CD40, to stimulate T and B cells respectively. Citalopram increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-22. Mirtazapine increased IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-22. Escitalopram decreased IL-17 levels. The influence of antidepressants on IL-2 and IL-4 levels was not significant for all three drugs. Compared to escitalopram, citalopram led to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22; and mirtazapine to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α. Mirtazapine and citalopram increased IL-22 production. The differing profile of cytokine production may relate to differences in therapeutic effects, risk of relapse and side effects. MDPI 2013-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3847723/ /pubmed/24257035 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins5112227 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Munzer, Alexander
Sack, Ulrich
Mergl, Roland
Schönherr, Jeremias
Petersein, Charlotte
Bartsch, Stefanie
Kirkby, Kenneth C.
Bauer, Katrin
Himmerich, Hubertus
Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro
title Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro
title_full Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro
title_fullStr Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro
title_short Impact of Antidepressants on Cytokine Production of Depressed Patients in Vitro
title_sort impact of antidepressants on cytokine production of depressed patients in vitro
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257035
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins5112227
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