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Biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells
Due to unique properties and unlimited possible applications, graphene has attracted abundant interest in the areas of nanobiotechnology. Recently, much work has focused on the synthesis and properties of graphene. Here we show that a successful reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using spinach leaf ex...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3850464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24059222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-393 |
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author | Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi Han, Jae Woong Eppakayala, Vasuki Dayem, Ahmed Abdal Kwon, Deug-Nam Kim, Jin-Hoi |
author_facet | Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi Han, Jae Woong Eppakayala, Vasuki Dayem, Ahmed Abdal Kwon, Deug-Nam Kim, Jin-Hoi |
author_sort | Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Due to unique properties and unlimited possible applications, graphene has attracted abundant interest in the areas of nanobiotechnology. Recently, much work has focused on the synthesis and properties of graphene. Here we show that a successful reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using spinach leaf extract (SLE) as a simultaneous reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-prepared SLE-reduced graphene oxide (S-rGO) was characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering technique was used to determine the average size of GO and S-rGO. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images provide clear surface morphological evidence for the formation of graphene. The resulting S-rGO has a mostly single-layer structure, is stable, and has significant water solubility. In addition, the biocompatibility of graphene was investigated using cell viability, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (PMEFs) cells. The results suggest that the biologically synthesized graphene has significant biocompatibility with PMEF cells, even at a higher concentration of 100 μg/mL. This method uses a ‘green’, natural reductant and is free of additional stabilizing reagents; therefore, it is an environmentally friendly, simple, and cost-effective method for the fabrication of soluble graphene. This study could open up a promising view for substitution of hydrazine by a safe, biocompatible, and powerful reduction for the efficient deoxygenation of GO, especially in large-scale production and potential biomedical applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3850464 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Springer |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38504642013-12-06 Biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi Han, Jae Woong Eppakayala, Vasuki Dayem, Ahmed Abdal Kwon, Deug-Nam Kim, Jin-Hoi Nanoscale Res Lett Nano Express Due to unique properties and unlimited possible applications, graphene has attracted abundant interest in the areas of nanobiotechnology. Recently, much work has focused on the synthesis and properties of graphene. Here we show that a successful reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using spinach leaf extract (SLE) as a simultaneous reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-prepared SLE-reduced graphene oxide (S-rGO) was characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering technique was used to determine the average size of GO and S-rGO. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images provide clear surface morphological evidence for the formation of graphene. The resulting S-rGO has a mostly single-layer structure, is stable, and has significant water solubility. In addition, the biocompatibility of graphene was investigated using cell viability, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (PMEFs) cells. The results suggest that the biologically synthesized graphene has significant biocompatibility with PMEF cells, even at a higher concentration of 100 μg/mL. This method uses a ‘green’, natural reductant and is free of additional stabilizing reagents; therefore, it is an environmentally friendly, simple, and cost-effective method for the fabrication of soluble graphene. This study could open up a promising view for substitution of hydrazine by a safe, biocompatible, and powerful reduction for the efficient deoxygenation of GO, especially in large-scale production and potential biomedical applications. Springer 2013-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3850464/ /pubmed/24059222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-393 Text en Copyright © 2013 Gurunathan et al.; licensee Springer. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Nano Express Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi Han, Jae Woong Eppakayala, Vasuki Dayem, Ahmed Abdal Kwon, Deug-Nam Kim, Jin-Hoi Biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells |
title | Biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells |
title_full | Biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells |
title_fullStr | Biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells |
title_short | Biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells |
title_sort | biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells |
topic | Nano Express |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3850464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24059222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-393 |
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