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Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer

BACKGROUND: Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men and women, largely due to improvements in surgical therapeutic approaches (tertiary prevention) and screening programs (secondary prevention), but differences in cancer incidence and survival according to...

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Autores principales: Rametta, Stefania, Grosso, Giuseppe, Galvano, Fabio, Mistretta, Antonio, Marventano, Stefano, Nolfo, Francesca, Buscemi, Silvio, Gangi, Santi, Basile, Francesco, Biondi, Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3851246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24267900
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2482-13-S2-S17
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author Rametta, Stefania
Grosso, Giuseppe
Galvano, Fabio
Mistretta, Antonio
Marventano, Stefano
Nolfo, Francesca
Buscemi, Silvio
Gangi, Santi
Basile, Francesco
Biondi, Antonio
author_facet Rametta, Stefania
Grosso, Giuseppe
Galvano, Fabio
Mistretta, Antonio
Marventano, Stefano
Nolfo, Francesca
Buscemi, Silvio
Gangi, Santi
Basile, Francesco
Biondi, Antonio
author_sort Rametta, Stefania
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men and women, largely due to improvements in surgical therapeutic approaches (tertiary prevention) and screening programs (secondary prevention), but differences in cancer incidence and survival according to socioeconomic status are documented worldwide. Health risk behaviors, defined as habits or practices that increase an individual’s likelihood of harmful health outcomes, are thought to mediate such inequalities. DISCUSSION: Obesity has been related with increased cancer incidence and mortality due to imbalance of leptin and adiponectin which are connected to activation of PI3K, MAPK, and STAT3 pathways and decreasing insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and mTOR signaling via activation of 5 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), respectively. Physical activity has been associated to prevent cancer by the aforementioned obesity-related mechanisms, but also increasing level of circulating vitamin D, which has been related to lower risk of several cancers, and increasing prostaglandin F2a and reducing prostaglandin E2, which are both related with cancer prevention and promotion, respectively. A large number of different substances may induce themselves a direct cytotoxicity and mutagenic action on cells by smoking, whereas alcohol promote immune suppression, the delay of DNA repair, inhibition of the detoxification of carcinogens, the production of acetaldehyde, and the contribution to abnormal DNA methylation. The combined smoking and alcohol drinking habits have been shown to increase cancer risk by smoke action of increasing the acetaldehyde burden following alcohol consumption and alcohol action of enhancing the activation of various procarcinogens contained in tobacco smoke. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions at the social level may be done to increase awareness about cancer risks and promote changing in unhealthy behaviors.
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spelling pubmed-38512462013-12-13 Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer Rametta, Stefania Grosso, Giuseppe Galvano, Fabio Mistretta, Antonio Marventano, Stefano Nolfo, Francesca Buscemi, Silvio Gangi, Santi Basile, Francesco Biondi, Antonio BMC Surg Research Article BACKGROUND: Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men and women, largely due to improvements in surgical therapeutic approaches (tertiary prevention) and screening programs (secondary prevention), but differences in cancer incidence and survival according to socioeconomic status are documented worldwide. Health risk behaviors, defined as habits or practices that increase an individual’s likelihood of harmful health outcomes, are thought to mediate such inequalities. DISCUSSION: Obesity has been related with increased cancer incidence and mortality due to imbalance of leptin and adiponectin which are connected to activation of PI3K, MAPK, and STAT3 pathways and decreasing insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and mTOR signaling via activation of 5 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), respectively. Physical activity has been associated to prevent cancer by the aforementioned obesity-related mechanisms, but also increasing level of circulating vitamin D, which has been related to lower risk of several cancers, and increasing prostaglandin F2a and reducing prostaglandin E2, which are both related with cancer prevention and promotion, respectively. A large number of different substances may induce themselves a direct cytotoxicity and mutagenic action on cells by smoking, whereas alcohol promote immune suppression, the delay of DNA repair, inhibition of the detoxification of carcinogens, the production of acetaldehyde, and the contribution to abnormal DNA methylation. The combined smoking and alcohol drinking habits have been shown to increase cancer risk by smoke action of increasing the acetaldehyde burden following alcohol consumption and alcohol action of enhancing the activation of various procarcinogens contained in tobacco smoke. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions at the social level may be done to increase awareness about cancer risks and promote changing in unhealthy behaviors. BioMed Central 2013-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3851246/ /pubmed/24267900 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2482-13-S2-S17 Text en Copyright © 2013 Rametta et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rametta, Stefania
Grosso, Giuseppe
Galvano, Fabio
Mistretta, Antonio
Marventano, Stefano
Nolfo, Francesca
Buscemi, Silvio
Gangi, Santi
Basile, Francesco
Biondi, Antonio
Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
title Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
title_full Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
title_fullStr Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
title_full_unstemmed Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
title_short Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
title_sort social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3851246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24267900
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2482-13-S2-S17
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