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The Mediator complex and transcription regulation

The Mediator complex is a multi-subunit assembly that appears to be required for regulating expression of most RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcripts, which include protein-coding and most non-coding RNA genes. Mediator and pol II function within the pre-initiation complex (PIC), which consists of M...

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Autores principales: Poss, Zachary C., Ebmeier, Christopher C., Taatjes, Dylan J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3852498/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24088064
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10409238.2013.840259
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author Poss, Zachary C.
Ebmeier, Christopher C.
Taatjes, Dylan J.
author_facet Poss, Zachary C.
Ebmeier, Christopher C.
Taatjes, Dylan J.
author_sort Poss, Zachary C.
collection PubMed
description The Mediator complex is a multi-subunit assembly that appears to be required for regulating expression of most RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcripts, which include protein-coding and most non-coding RNA genes. Mediator and pol II function within the pre-initiation complex (PIC), which consists of Mediator, pol II, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF and TFIIH and is approximately 4.0 MDa in size. Mediator serves as a central scaffold within the PIC and helps regulate pol II activity in ways that remain poorly understood. Mediator is also generally targeted by sequence-specific, DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) that work to control gene expression programs in response to developmental or environmental cues. At a basic level, Mediator functions by relaying signals from TFs directly to the pol II enzyme, thereby facilitating TF-dependent regulation of gene expression. Thus, Mediator is essential for converting biological inputs (communicated by TFs) to physiological responses (via changes in gene expression). In this review, we summarize an expansive body of research on the Mediator complex, with an emphasis on yeast and mammalian complexes. We focus on the basics that underlie Mediator function, such as its structure and subunit composition, and describe its broad regulatory influence on gene expression, ranging from chromatin architecture to transcription initiation and elongation, to mRNA processing. We also describe factors that influence Mediator structure and activity, including TFs, non-coding RNAs and the CDK8 module.
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spelling pubmed-38524982013-12-11 The Mediator complex and transcription regulation Poss, Zachary C. Ebmeier, Christopher C. Taatjes, Dylan J. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol Review Article The Mediator complex is a multi-subunit assembly that appears to be required for regulating expression of most RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcripts, which include protein-coding and most non-coding RNA genes. Mediator and pol II function within the pre-initiation complex (PIC), which consists of Mediator, pol II, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF and TFIIH and is approximately 4.0 MDa in size. Mediator serves as a central scaffold within the PIC and helps regulate pol II activity in ways that remain poorly understood. Mediator is also generally targeted by sequence-specific, DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) that work to control gene expression programs in response to developmental or environmental cues. At a basic level, Mediator functions by relaying signals from TFs directly to the pol II enzyme, thereby facilitating TF-dependent regulation of gene expression. Thus, Mediator is essential for converting biological inputs (communicated by TFs) to physiological responses (via changes in gene expression). In this review, we summarize an expansive body of research on the Mediator complex, with an emphasis on yeast and mammalian complexes. We focus on the basics that underlie Mediator function, such as its structure and subunit composition, and describe its broad regulatory influence on gene expression, ranging from chromatin architecture to transcription initiation and elongation, to mRNA processing. We also describe factors that influence Mediator structure and activity, including TFs, non-coding RNAs and the CDK8 module. Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2013-12 2013-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3852498/ /pubmed/24088064 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10409238.2013.840259 Text en © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the source is credited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Poss, Zachary C.
Ebmeier, Christopher C.
Taatjes, Dylan J.
The Mediator complex and transcription regulation
title The Mediator complex and transcription regulation
title_full The Mediator complex and transcription regulation
title_fullStr The Mediator complex and transcription regulation
title_full_unstemmed The Mediator complex and transcription regulation
title_short The Mediator complex and transcription regulation
title_sort mediator complex and transcription regulation
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3852498/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24088064
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10409238.2013.840259
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