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Okadaic Acid: More than a Diarrheic Toxin
Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most frequent and worldwide distributed marine toxins. It is easily accumulated by shellfish, mainly bivalve mollusks and fish, and, subsequently, can be consumed by humans causing alimentary intoxications. OA is the main representative diarrheic shellfish poisoning (...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24184795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11114328 |
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author | Valdiglesias, Vanessa Prego-Faraldo, María Verónica Pásaro, Eduardo Méndez, Josefina Laffon, Blanca |
author_facet | Valdiglesias, Vanessa Prego-Faraldo, María Verónica Pásaro, Eduardo Méndez, Josefina Laffon, Blanca |
author_sort | Valdiglesias, Vanessa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most frequent and worldwide distributed marine toxins. It is easily accumulated by shellfish, mainly bivalve mollusks and fish, and, subsequently, can be consumed by humans causing alimentary intoxications. OA is the main representative diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxin and its ingestion induces gastrointestinal symptoms, although it is not considered lethal. At the molecular level, OA is a specific inhibitor of several types of serine/threonine protein phosphatases and a tumor promoter in animal carcinogenesis experiments. In the last few decades, the potential toxic effects of OA, beyond its role as a DSP toxin, have been investigated in a number of studies. Alterations in DNA and cellular components, as well as effects on immune and nervous system, and even on embryonic development, have been increasingly reported. In this manuscript, results from all these studies are compiled and reviewed to clarify the role of this toxin not only as a DSP inductor but also as cause of alterations at the cellular and molecular levels, and to highlight the relevance of biomonitoring its effects on human health. Despite further investigations are required to elucidate OA mechanisms of action, toxicokinetics, and harmful effects, there are enough evidences illustrating its toxicity, not related to DSP induction, and, consequently, supporting a revision of the current regulation on OA levels in food. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3853731 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38537312013-12-06 Okadaic Acid: More than a Diarrheic Toxin Valdiglesias, Vanessa Prego-Faraldo, María Verónica Pásaro, Eduardo Méndez, Josefina Laffon, Blanca Mar Drugs Review Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most frequent and worldwide distributed marine toxins. It is easily accumulated by shellfish, mainly bivalve mollusks and fish, and, subsequently, can be consumed by humans causing alimentary intoxications. OA is the main representative diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxin and its ingestion induces gastrointestinal symptoms, although it is not considered lethal. At the molecular level, OA is a specific inhibitor of several types of serine/threonine protein phosphatases and a tumor promoter in animal carcinogenesis experiments. In the last few decades, the potential toxic effects of OA, beyond its role as a DSP toxin, have been investigated in a number of studies. Alterations in DNA and cellular components, as well as effects on immune and nervous system, and even on embryonic development, have been increasingly reported. In this manuscript, results from all these studies are compiled and reviewed to clarify the role of this toxin not only as a DSP inductor but also as cause of alterations at the cellular and molecular levels, and to highlight the relevance of biomonitoring its effects on human health. Despite further investigations are required to elucidate OA mechanisms of action, toxicokinetics, and harmful effects, there are enough evidences illustrating its toxicity, not related to DSP induction, and, consequently, supporting a revision of the current regulation on OA levels in food. MDPI 2013-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC3853731/ /pubmed/24184795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11114328 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Valdiglesias, Vanessa Prego-Faraldo, María Verónica Pásaro, Eduardo Méndez, Josefina Laffon, Blanca Okadaic Acid: More than a Diarrheic Toxin |
title | Okadaic Acid: More than a Diarrheic Toxin |
title_full | Okadaic Acid: More than a Diarrheic Toxin |
title_fullStr | Okadaic Acid: More than a Diarrheic Toxin |
title_full_unstemmed | Okadaic Acid: More than a Diarrheic Toxin |
title_short | Okadaic Acid: More than a Diarrheic Toxin |
title_sort | okadaic acid: more than a diarrheic toxin |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24184795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11114328 |
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