Novel Imaging of the Intervertebral Disk and Pain

T-1-rho (T(1ρ)) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and disc height ratio (DHR) are potential biomarkers of degenerative disk disease (DDD) related to biochemical composition and morphology of the intervertebral disk (IVD), respectively. To objectively detect DDD at an early stage, the hypothesis was tested that the average T(1ρ) relaxation time of the nucleus pulposus (NP) correlates with the disk height of degenerate IVDs, measured by MRI. Studies were performed on a 3-T Siemens Tim Trio clinical MRI scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Malvern, Pennsylvania, United States) on patients being treated for low back pain whose disks were categorized into (1) painful and (2) nonpainful subgroups based on provocative diskography and (3) age-matched healthy controls. Painful disks presented both low DHR and T(1ρ) values, nonpainful disks measured the highest DHR and extended to a higher range of T(1ρ), and control disks presented a midrange DHR with the highest T(1ρ) values. T(1ρ) MRI evaluated in the NP of IVDs may be useful to establish a threshold (120 milliseconds here) above which indicates a healthy disk, and disks measuring low NP T(1ρ) (50 to 120 milliseconds here) would require disk height analysis to further categorize the disk. Combining T(1ρ) MRI and disk height analysis may hold promise in predicting painful disks without provocative diskography, and predictive models should be developed.