Cargando…
ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded (ds) RNAs. Since Inosine is read as Guanosine, the biological consequence of ADAR enzyme activity is an A/G conversion within RNA molecules. A-to-I editing events can occur on both coding and non...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
2013
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856091/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24256817 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms141122796 |
_version_ | 1782295017414459392 |
---|---|
author | Tomaselli, Sara Bonamassa, Barbara Alisi, Anna Nobili, Valerio Locatelli, Franco Gallo, Angela |
author_facet | Tomaselli, Sara Bonamassa, Barbara Alisi, Anna Nobili, Valerio Locatelli, Franco Gallo, Angela |
author_sort | Tomaselli, Sara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded (ds) RNAs. Since Inosine is read as Guanosine, the biological consequence of ADAR enzyme activity is an A/G conversion within RNA molecules. A-to-I editing events can occur on both coding and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small regulatory RNAs of ~20–23 nucleotides that regulate several cell processes by annealing to target mRNAs and inhibiting their translation. Both miRNA precursors and mature miRNAs undergo A-to-I RNA editing, affecting the miRNA maturation process and activity. ADARs can also edit 3′ UTR of mRNAs, further increasing the interplay between mRNA targets and miRNAs. In this review, we provide a general overview of the ADAR enzymes and their mechanisms of action as well as miRNA processing and function. We then review the more recent findings about the impact of ADAR-mediated activity on the miRNA pathway in terms of biogenesis, target recognition, and gene expression regulation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3856091 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38560912013-12-09 ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference Tomaselli, Sara Bonamassa, Barbara Alisi, Anna Nobili, Valerio Locatelli, Franco Gallo, Angela Int J Mol Sci Review Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded (ds) RNAs. Since Inosine is read as Guanosine, the biological consequence of ADAR enzyme activity is an A/G conversion within RNA molecules. A-to-I editing events can occur on both coding and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small regulatory RNAs of ~20–23 nucleotides that regulate several cell processes by annealing to target mRNAs and inhibiting their translation. Both miRNA precursors and mature miRNAs undergo A-to-I RNA editing, affecting the miRNA maturation process and activity. ADARs can also edit 3′ UTR of mRNAs, further increasing the interplay between mRNA targets and miRNAs. In this review, we provide a general overview of the ADAR enzymes and their mechanisms of action as well as miRNA processing and function. We then review the more recent findings about the impact of ADAR-mediated activity on the miRNA pathway in terms of biogenesis, target recognition, and gene expression regulation. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2013-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3856091/ /pubmed/24256817 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms141122796 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Tomaselli, Sara Bonamassa, Barbara Alisi, Anna Nobili, Valerio Locatelli, Franco Gallo, Angela ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference |
title | ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference |
title_full | ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference |
title_fullStr | ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference |
title_full_unstemmed | ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference |
title_short | ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference |
title_sort | adar enzyme and mirna story: a nucleotide that can make the difference |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856091/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24256817 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms141122796 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT tomasellisara adarenzymeandmirnastoryanucleotidethatcanmakethedifference AT bonamassabarbara adarenzymeandmirnastoryanucleotidethatcanmakethedifference AT alisianna adarenzymeandmirnastoryanucleotidethatcanmakethedifference AT nobilivalerio adarenzymeandmirnastoryanucleotidethatcanmakethedifference AT locatellifranco adarenzymeandmirnastoryanucleotidethatcanmakethedifference AT galloangela adarenzymeandmirnastoryanucleotidethatcanmakethedifference |