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Application of Twin Screw Extrusion in the Manufacture of Cocrystals, Part I: Four Case Studies
The application of twin screw extrusion (TSE) as a scalable and green process for the manufacture of cocrystals was investigated. Four model cocrystal forming systems, Caffeine-Oxalic acid, Nicotinamide-trans cinnamic acid, Carbamazepine-Saccharin, and Theophylline-Citric acid, were selected for the...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3857084/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24310598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics3030582 |
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author | Daurio, Dominick Medina, Cesar Saw, Robert Nagapudi, Karthik Alvarez-Núñez, Fernando |
author_facet | Daurio, Dominick Medina, Cesar Saw, Robert Nagapudi, Karthik Alvarez-Núñez, Fernando |
author_sort | Daurio, Dominick |
collection | PubMed |
description | The application of twin screw extrusion (TSE) as a scalable and green process for the manufacture of cocrystals was investigated. Four model cocrystal forming systems, Caffeine-Oxalic acid, Nicotinamide-trans cinnamic acid, Carbamazepine-Saccharin, and Theophylline-Citric acid, were selected for the study. The parameters of the extrusion process that influenced cocrystal formation were examined. TSE was found to be an effective method to make cocrystals for all four systems studied. It was demonstrated that temperature and extent of mixing in the extruder were the primary process parameters that influenced extent of conversion to the cocrystal in neat TSE experiments. In addition to neat extrusion, liquid-assisted TSE was also demonstrated for the first time as a viable process for making cocrystals. Notably, the use of catalytic amount of benign solvents led to a lowering of processing temperatures required to form the cocrystal in the extruder. TSE should be considered as an efficient, scalable, and environmentally friendly process for the manufacture of cocrystals with little to no solvent requirements. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3857084 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38570842013-12-16 Application of Twin Screw Extrusion in the Manufacture of Cocrystals, Part I: Four Case Studies Daurio, Dominick Medina, Cesar Saw, Robert Nagapudi, Karthik Alvarez-Núñez, Fernando Pharmaceutics Article The application of twin screw extrusion (TSE) as a scalable and green process for the manufacture of cocrystals was investigated. Four model cocrystal forming systems, Caffeine-Oxalic acid, Nicotinamide-trans cinnamic acid, Carbamazepine-Saccharin, and Theophylline-Citric acid, were selected for the study. The parameters of the extrusion process that influenced cocrystal formation were examined. TSE was found to be an effective method to make cocrystals for all four systems studied. It was demonstrated that temperature and extent of mixing in the extruder were the primary process parameters that influenced extent of conversion to the cocrystal in neat TSE experiments. In addition to neat extrusion, liquid-assisted TSE was also demonstrated for the first time as a viable process for making cocrystals. Notably, the use of catalytic amount of benign solvents led to a lowering of processing temperatures required to form the cocrystal in the extruder. TSE should be considered as an efficient, scalable, and environmentally friendly process for the manufacture of cocrystals with little to no solvent requirements. MDPI 2011-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC3857084/ /pubmed/24310598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics3030582 Text en © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Daurio, Dominick Medina, Cesar Saw, Robert Nagapudi, Karthik Alvarez-Núñez, Fernando Application of Twin Screw Extrusion in the Manufacture of Cocrystals, Part I: Four Case Studies |
title | Application of Twin Screw Extrusion in the Manufacture of Cocrystals, Part I: Four Case Studies |
title_full | Application of Twin Screw Extrusion in the Manufacture of Cocrystals, Part I: Four Case Studies |
title_fullStr | Application of Twin Screw Extrusion in the Manufacture of Cocrystals, Part I: Four Case Studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Application of Twin Screw Extrusion in the Manufacture of Cocrystals, Part I: Four Case Studies |
title_short | Application of Twin Screw Extrusion in the Manufacture of Cocrystals, Part I: Four Case Studies |
title_sort | application of twin screw extrusion in the manufacture of cocrystals, part i: four case studies |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3857084/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24310598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics3030582 |
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