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Multiple Sclerosis in the Mount Etna Region: Possible Role of Volcanogenic Trace Elements
BACKGROUND: Trace elements have been hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and volcanic degassing is the major natural sources of trace elements. Both incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Catania and volcanic activity of Mount Etna have been significantly increased duri...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3859652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24348986 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074259 |
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author | Nicoletti, Alessandra Bruno, Elisa Nania, Martina Cicero, Edoardo Messina, Silvia Chisari, Clara Torrisi, Josita Maimone, Davide Marziolo, Roberto Lo Fermo, Salvatore Patti, Francesco Giammanco, Salvatore Zappia, Mario |
author_facet | Nicoletti, Alessandra Bruno, Elisa Nania, Martina Cicero, Edoardo Messina, Silvia Chisari, Clara Torrisi, Josita Maimone, Davide Marziolo, Roberto Lo Fermo, Salvatore Patti, Francesco Giammanco, Salvatore Zappia, Mario |
author_sort | Nicoletti, Alessandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Trace elements have been hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and volcanic degassing is the major natural sources of trace elements. Both incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Catania and volcanic activity of Mount Etna have been significantly increased during the last 30 years. Due to prevailing trade winds direction, volcanic gases from Etna summit craters are mostly blown towards the eastern and southern sectors of the volcano. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible association between Multiple Sclerosis and exposure to volcanogenic trace elements. METHODS: We evaluated prevalence and incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in four communities (47,234 inhabitants) located in the eastern flank and in two communities (52,210 inhabitants) located in the western flank of Mount Etna, respectively the most and least exposed area to crater gas emissions. RESULTS: A higher prevalence was found in the population of the eastern flank compared to the population of the western one (137.6/100,000 versus 94.3/100,000; p-value 0.04). We found a borderline significantly higher incidence risk during the incidence study period (1980–2009) in the population of the eastern flank 4.6/100,000 (95% CI 3.1–5.9), compared with the western population 3.2/100,000 (95% CI 2.4–4.2) with a RR of 1.41 (95% CI 0.97–2.05; p-value 0.06). Incidence risks have increased over the time in both populations reaching a peak of 6.4/100,000 in the eastern flank and of 4.4/100.000 in the western flank during 2000–2009. CONCLUSION: We found a higher prevalence and incidence of Multiple Sclerosis among populations living in the eastern flank of Mount Etna. According to our data a possible role of TE cannot be ruled out as possible co-factor in the MS pathogenesis. However larger epidemiological study are needed to confirm this hypothesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3859652 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38596522013-12-13 Multiple Sclerosis in the Mount Etna Region: Possible Role of Volcanogenic Trace Elements Nicoletti, Alessandra Bruno, Elisa Nania, Martina Cicero, Edoardo Messina, Silvia Chisari, Clara Torrisi, Josita Maimone, Davide Marziolo, Roberto Lo Fermo, Salvatore Patti, Francesco Giammanco, Salvatore Zappia, Mario PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Trace elements have been hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and volcanic degassing is the major natural sources of trace elements. Both incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Catania and volcanic activity of Mount Etna have been significantly increased during the last 30 years. Due to prevailing trade winds direction, volcanic gases from Etna summit craters are mostly blown towards the eastern and southern sectors of the volcano. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible association between Multiple Sclerosis and exposure to volcanogenic trace elements. METHODS: We evaluated prevalence and incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in four communities (47,234 inhabitants) located in the eastern flank and in two communities (52,210 inhabitants) located in the western flank of Mount Etna, respectively the most and least exposed area to crater gas emissions. RESULTS: A higher prevalence was found in the population of the eastern flank compared to the population of the western one (137.6/100,000 versus 94.3/100,000; p-value 0.04). We found a borderline significantly higher incidence risk during the incidence study period (1980–2009) in the population of the eastern flank 4.6/100,000 (95% CI 3.1–5.9), compared with the western population 3.2/100,000 (95% CI 2.4–4.2) with a RR of 1.41 (95% CI 0.97–2.05; p-value 0.06). Incidence risks have increased over the time in both populations reaching a peak of 6.4/100,000 in the eastern flank and of 4.4/100.000 in the western flank during 2000–2009. CONCLUSION: We found a higher prevalence and incidence of Multiple Sclerosis among populations living in the eastern flank of Mount Etna. According to our data a possible role of TE cannot be ruled out as possible co-factor in the MS pathogenesis. However larger epidemiological study are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Public Library of Science 2013-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3859652/ /pubmed/24348986 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074259 Text en © 2013 Nicoletti et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nicoletti, Alessandra Bruno, Elisa Nania, Martina Cicero, Edoardo Messina, Silvia Chisari, Clara Torrisi, Josita Maimone, Davide Marziolo, Roberto Lo Fermo, Salvatore Patti, Francesco Giammanco, Salvatore Zappia, Mario Multiple Sclerosis in the Mount Etna Region: Possible Role of Volcanogenic Trace Elements |
title | Multiple Sclerosis in the Mount Etna Region: Possible Role of Volcanogenic Trace Elements |
title_full | Multiple Sclerosis in the Mount Etna Region: Possible Role of Volcanogenic Trace Elements |
title_fullStr | Multiple Sclerosis in the Mount Etna Region: Possible Role of Volcanogenic Trace Elements |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiple Sclerosis in the Mount Etna Region: Possible Role of Volcanogenic Trace Elements |
title_short | Multiple Sclerosis in the Mount Etna Region: Possible Role of Volcanogenic Trace Elements |
title_sort | multiple sclerosis in the mount etna region: possible role of volcanogenic trace elements |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3859652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24348986 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074259 |
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