Hierarchical Li(4)Ti(5)O(12)/TiO(2) composite tubes with regular structural imperfection for lithium ion storage

Hierarchical Li(4)Ti(5)O(12)/TiO(2) tubes composed of ultrathin nanoflakes have been successfully fabricated via the calcination of the hydrothermal product of a porous amorphous TiO(2) precursor and lithium hydroxide monohydrate. The hierarchical tubes are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. These nanoflakes exhibit a quite complex submicroscopic structure with regular structural imperfection, including a huge number of grain boundaries and dislocations. The lithium ion storage property of these tubes is evaluated by galvanostatic discharge/charge experiment. The product shows initial discharge capacities of 420, 225, and 160 mAh g(−1) at 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 A g(−1), respectively. After 100 cycles, the discharge capacity is 139 mAh g(−1) at 1.0 A g(−1) with a capacity retention of 87%, demonstrating good high-rate performance and good cycleability. The high electrochemical performance is attributed to unique structure and morphology of the tubes. The regular structural imperfection existed in the nanoflakes also benefit to lithium ion storage property of these tubes. The hierarchical Li(4)Ti(5)O(12)/TiO(2) tubes are a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries with high power and energy densities.