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The impact of expertise in olfaction
Olfactory expertise remains poorly understood, most likely because experts in odor, such as perfumers, sommeliers, and oenologists, are much rarer than experts in other modalities, such as musicians or sportsmen. In this review, we address the specificities of odor expertise in both odor experts and...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3861696/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00928 |
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author | Royet, Jean-Pierre Plailly, Jane Saive, Anne-Lise Veyrac, Alexandra Delon-Martin, Chantal |
author_facet | Royet, Jean-Pierre Plailly, Jane Saive, Anne-Lise Veyrac, Alexandra Delon-Martin, Chantal |
author_sort | Royet, Jean-Pierre |
collection | PubMed |
description | Olfactory expertise remains poorly understood, most likely because experts in odor, such as perfumers, sommeliers, and oenologists, are much rarer than experts in other modalities, such as musicians or sportsmen. In this review, we address the specificities of odor expertise in both odor experts and in a priori untrained individuals who have undergone specific olfactory training in the frame of an experiment, such as repeated exposure to odors or associative learning. Until the 21st century, only the behavioral effects of olfactory training of untrained control individuals had been reported, revealing an improvement of olfactory performance in terms of sensitivity, discrimination, memory, and identification. Behavioral studies of odor experts have been scarce, with inconsistent or inconclusive results. Recently, the development of cerebral imaging techniques has enabled the identification of brain areas and neural networks involved in odor processing, revealing functional and structural modifications as a function of experience. The behavioral approach to odor expertise has also evolved. Researchers have particularly focused on odor mental imagery, which is characteristic of odor experts, because this ability is absent in the average person but is part of a perfumer’s professional practice. This review summarizes behavioral, functional, and structural findings on odor expertise. These data are compared with those obtained using animals subjected to prolonged olfactory exposure or to olfactory-enriched environments and are discussed in the context of functional and structural plasticity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3861696 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38616962013-12-30 The impact of expertise in olfaction Royet, Jean-Pierre Plailly, Jane Saive, Anne-Lise Veyrac, Alexandra Delon-Martin, Chantal Front Psychol Psychology Olfactory expertise remains poorly understood, most likely because experts in odor, such as perfumers, sommeliers, and oenologists, are much rarer than experts in other modalities, such as musicians or sportsmen. In this review, we address the specificities of odor expertise in both odor experts and in a priori untrained individuals who have undergone specific olfactory training in the frame of an experiment, such as repeated exposure to odors or associative learning. Until the 21st century, only the behavioral effects of olfactory training of untrained control individuals had been reported, revealing an improvement of olfactory performance in terms of sensitivity, discrimination, memory, and identification. Behavioral studies of odor experts have been scarce, with inconsistent or inconclusive results. Recently, the development of cerebral imaging techniques has enabled the identification of brain areas and neural networks involved in odor processing, revealing functional and structural modifications as a function of experience. The behavioral approach to odor expertise has also evolved. Researchers have particularly focused on odor mental imagery, which is characteristic of odor experts, because this ability is absent in the average person but is part of a perfumer’s professional practice. This review summarizes behavioral, functional, and structural findings on odor expertise. These data are compared with those obtained using animals subjected to prolonged olfactory exposure or to olfactory-enriched environments and are discussed in the context of functional and structural plasticity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC3861696/ /pubmed/24379793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00928 Text en Copyright © 2013 Royet, Plailly, Saive, Veyrac and Delon-Martin. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Royet, Jean-Pierre Plailly, Jane Saive, Anne-Lise Veyrac, Alexandra Delon-Martin, Chantal The impact of expertise in olfaction |
title | The impact of expertise in olfaction |
title_full | The impact of expertise in olfaction |
title_fullStr | The impact of expertise in olfaction |
title_full_unstemmed | The impact of expertise in olfaction |
title_short | The impact of expertise in olfaction |
title_sort | impact of expertise in olfaction |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3861696/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00928 |
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