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The effect of glia-glia interactions on oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology during development and in demyelinating diseases
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate in specific areas of the developing central nervous system (CNS). Once generated, they migrate towards their destinations where they differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. In the adult, 5–8% of all cells in the CNS are OPCs, cells that retain the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2013
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24391545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2013.00268 |
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author | Clemente, Diego Ortega, María Cristina Melero-Jerez, Carolina de Castro, Fernando |
author_facet | Clemente, Diego Ortega, María Cristina Melero-Jerez, Carolina de Castro, Fernando |
author_sort | Clemente, Diego |
collection | PubMed |
description | Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate in specific areas of the developing central nervous system (CNS). Once generated, they migrate towards their destinations where they differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. In the adult, 5–8% of all cells in the CNS are OPCs, cells that retain the capacity to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into oligodendrocytes. Indeed, these endogenous OPCs react to damage in demyelinating diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS), representing a key element in spontaneous remyelination. In the present work, we review the specific interactions between OPCs and other glial cells (astrocytes, microglia) during CNS development and in the pathological scenario of MS. We focus on: (i) the role of astrocytes in maintaining the homeostasis and spatial distribution of different secreted cues that determine OPC proliferation, migration, and differentiation during CNS development; (ii) the role of microglia and astrocytes in the redistribution of iron, which is crucial for myelin synthesis during CNS development and for myelin repair in MS; (iii) how microglia secrete different molecules, e.g., growth factors, that favor the recruitment of OPCs in acute phases of MS lesions; and (iv) how astrocytes modify the extracellular matrix in MS lesions, affecting the ability of OPCs to attempt spontaneous remyelination. Together, these issues demonstrate how both astroglia and microglia influence OPCs in physiological and pathological situations, reinforcing the concept that both development and neural repair are complex and global phenomena. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control OPC survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation during development, as well as in the mature CNS, may open new opportunities in the search for reparative therapies in demyelinating diseases like MS. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3868919 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38689192014-01-03 The effect of glia-glia interactions on oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology during development and in demyelinating diseases Clemente, Diego Ortega, María Cristina Melero-Jerez, Carolina de Castro, Fernando Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate in specific areas of the developing central nervous system (CNS). Once generated, they migrate towards their destinations where they differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. In the adult, 5–8% of all cells in the CNS are OPCs, cells that retain the capacity to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into oligodendrocytes. Indeed, these endogenous OPCs react to damage in demyelinating diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS), representing a key element in spontaneous remyelination. In the present work, we review the specific interactions between OPCs and other glial cells (astrocytes, microglia) during CNS development and in the pathological scenario of MS. We focus on: (i) the role of astrocytes in maintaining the homeostasis and spatial distribution of different secreted cues that determine OPC proliferation, migration, and differentiation during CNS development; (ii) the role of microglia and astrocytes in the redistribution of iron, which is crucial for myelin synthesis during CNS development and for myelin repair in MS; (iii) how microglia secrete different molecules, e.g., growth factors, that favor the recruitment of OPCs in acute phases of MS lesions; and (iv) how astrocytes modify the extracellular matrix in MS lesions, affecting the ability of OPCs to attempt spontaneous remyelination. Together, these issues demonstrate how both astroglia and microglia influence OPCs in physiological and pathological situations, reinforcing the concept that both development and neural repair are complex and global phenomena. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control OPC survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation during development, as well as in the mature CNS, may open new opportunities in the search for reparative therapies in demyelinating diseases like MS. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3868919/ /pubmed/24391545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2013.00268 Text en Copyright © 2013 Clemente, Ortega, Melero-Jerez and de Castro. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Clemente, Diego Ortega, María Cristina Melero-Jerez, Carolina de Castro, Fernando The effect of glia-glia interactions on oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology during development and in demyelinating diseases |
title | The effect of glia-glia interactions on oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology during development and in demyelinating diseases |
title_full | The effect of glia-glia interactions on oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology during development and in demyelinating diseases |
title_fullStr | The effect of glia-glia interactions on oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology during development and in demyelinating diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | The effect of glia-glia interactions on oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology during development and in demyelinating diseases |
title_short | The effect of glia-glia interactions on oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology during development and in demyelinating diseases |
title_sort | effect of glia-glia interactions on oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology during development and in demyelinating diseases |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24391545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2013.00268 |
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