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Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review aims to update the reader on current developments in our understanding of how the gut microbiota impact on inflammatory bowel disease and the irritable bowel syndrome. It will also consider current efforts to modulate the microbiota for therapeutic effect. RECENT FINDIN...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871405/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24296462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000032 |
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author | Major, Giles Spiller, Robin |
author_facet | Major, Giles Spiller, Robin |
author_sort | Major, Giles |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review aims to update the reader on current developments in our understanding of how the gut microbiota impact on inflammatory bowel disease and the irritable bowel syndrome. It will also consider current efforts to modulate the microbiota for therapeutic effect. RECENT FINDINGS: Gene polymorphisms associated with inflammatory bowel disease increasingly suggest that interaction with the microbiota drives pathogenesis. This may be through modulation of the immune response, mucosal permeability or the products of microbial metabolism. Similar findings in irritable bowel syndrome have reinforced the role of gut-specific factors in this ‘functional’ disorder. Metagenomic analysis has identified alterations in pathways and interactions with the ecosystem of the microbiome that may not be recognized by taxonomic description alone, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism. Treatments targeted at the microbial stimulus with antibiotics, probiotics or prebiotics have all progressed in the past year. Studies on the long-term effects of treatment on the microbiome suggest that dietary intervention may be needed for prolonged efficacy. SUMMARY: The microbiome represents ‘the other genome’, and to appreciate its role in health and disease will be as challenging as with our own genome. Intestinal diseases occur at the front line of our interaction with the microbiome and their future treatment will be shaped as we unravel our relationship with it. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3871405 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38714052013-12-26 Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome Major, Giles Spiller, Robin Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES: Edited by H. Christian Weber PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review aims to update the reader on current developments in our understanding of how the gut microbiota impact on inflammatory bowel disease and the irritable bowel syndrome. It will also consider current efforts to modulate the microbiota for therapeutic effect. RECENT FINDINGS: Gene polymorphisms associated with inflammatory bowel disease increasingly suggest that interaction with the microbiota drives pathogenesis. This may be through modulation of the immune response, mucosal permeability or the products of microbial metabolism. Similar findings in irritable bowel syndrome have reinforced the role of gut-specific factors in this ‘functional’ disorder. Metagenomic analysis has identified alterations in pathways and interactions with the ecosystem of the microbiome that may not be recognized by taxonomic description alone, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism. Treatments targeted at the microbial stimulus with antibiotics, probiotics or prebiotics have all progressed in the past year. Studies on the long-term effects of treatment on the microbiome suggest that dietary intervention may be needed for prolonged efficacy. SUMMARY: The microbiome represents ‘the other genome’, and to appreciate its role in health and disease will be as challenging as with our own genome. Intestinal diseases occur at the front line of our interaction with the microbiome and their future treatment will be shaped as we unravel our relationship with it. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins 2014-02 2014-01-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3871405/ /pubmed/24296462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000032 Text en © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivitives 3.0 License, where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially. |
spellingShingle | GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES: Edited by H. Christian Weber Major, Giles Spiller, Robin Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome |
title | Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome |
title_full | Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome |
title_fullStr | Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome |
title_full_unstemmed | Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome |
title_short | Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome |
title_sort | irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the microbiome |
topic | GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES: Edited by H. Christian Weber |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871405/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24296462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000032 |
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