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ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

The brain is a major metabolizer of oxygen and yet has relatively feeble protective antioxidant mechanisms. This paper reviews the Janus-faced properties of reactive oxygen species. It will describe the positive aspects of moderately induced ROS but it will also outline recent research findings conc...

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Autores principales: Popa-Wagner, Aurel, Mitran, Smaranda, Sivanesan, Senthilkumar, Chang, Edwin, Buga, Ana-Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24381719
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963520
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author Popa-Wagner, Aurel
Mitran, Smaranda
Sivanesan, Senthilkumar
Chang, Edwin
Buga, Ana-Maria
author_facet Popa-Wagner, Aurel
Mitran, Smaranda
Sivanesan, Senthilkumar
Chang, Edwin
Buga, Ana-Maria
author_sort Popa-Wagner, Aurel
collection PubMed
description The brain is a major metabolizer of oxygen and yet has relatively feeble protective antioxidant mechanisms. This paper reviews the Janus-faced properties of reactive oxygen species. It will describe the positive aspects of moderately induced ROS but it will also outline recent research findings concerning the impact of oxidative and nitrooxidative stress on neuronal structure and function in neuropsychiatric diseases, including major depression. A common denominator of all neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and ADHD is an increased inflammatory response of the brain caused either by an exposure to proinflammatory agents during development or an accumulation of degenerated neurons, oxidized proteins, glycated products, or lipid peroxidation in the adult brain. Therefore, modulation of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance provides a therapeutic option which can be used to improve neuroprotection in response to oxidative stress. We also discuss the neuroprotective role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in the aged brain in response to oxidative stressors and nanoparticle-mediated delivery of ROS-scavenging drugs. The antioxidant therapy is a novel therapeutic strategy. However, the available drugs have pleiotropic actions and are not fully characterized in the clinic. Additional clinical trials are needed to assess the risks and benefits of antioxidant therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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spelling pubmed-38719192013-12-31 ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Popa-Wagner, Aurel Mitran, Smaranda Sivanesan, Senthilkumar Chang, Edwin Buga, Ana-Maria Oxid Med Cell Longev Review Article The brain is a major metabolizer of oxygen and yet has relatively feeble protective antioxidant mechanisms. This paper reviews the Janus-faced properties of reactive oxygen species. It will describe the positive aspects of moderately induced ROS but it will also outline recent research findings concerning the impact of oxidative and nitrooxidative stress on neuronal structure and function in neuropsychiatric diseases, including major depression. A common denominator of all neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and ADHD is an increased inflammatory response of the brain caused either by an exposure to proinflammatory agents during development or an accumulation of degenerated neurons, oxidized proteins, glycated products, or lipid peroxidation in the adult brain. Therefore, modulation of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance provides a therapeutic option which can be used to improve neuroprotection in response to oxidative stress. We also discuss the neuroprotective role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in the aged brain in response to oxidative stressors and nanoparticle-mediated delivery of ROS-scavenging drugs. The antioxidant therapy is a novel therapeutic strategy. However, the available drugs have pleiotropic actions and are not fully characterized in the clinic. Additional clinical trials are needed to assess the risks and benefits of antioxidant therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC3871919/ /pubmed/24381719 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963520 Text en Copyright © 2013 Aurel Popa-Wagner et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Popa-Wagner, Aurel
Mitran, Smaranda
Sivanesan, Senthilkumar
Chang, Edwin
Buga, Ana-Maria
ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
title ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
title_full ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
title_fullStr ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
title_full_unstemmed ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
title_short ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
title_sort ros and brain diseases: the good, the bad, and the ugly
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24381719
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963520
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