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How to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on AMPK and mTOR signaling

During endurance and resistance exercise training, AMPK and mTOR signaling were known as selective pathways implicating the differentiation of exercise-induced phenotype in skeletal muscle. Among the previous studies, however, the differences in exercise protocol, the individuality and the genetic h...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Qi, Zhengtang, Zhai, Xiaofeng, Ding, Shuzhe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3879393/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24404437
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-693
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author Qi, Zhengtang
Zhai, Xiaofeng
Ding, Shuzhe
author_facet Qi, Zhengtang
Zhai, Xiaofeng
Ding, Shuzhe
author_sort Qi, Zhengtang
collection PubMed
description During endurance and resistance exercise training, AMPK and mTOR signaling were known as selective pathways implicating the differentiation of exercise-induced phenotype in skeletal muscle. Among the previous studies, however, the differences in exercise protocol, the individuality and the genetic heterogeneity within species make it difficult to reach a consistent conclusion in the roles of AMPK and mTOR signaling. In this review, we aim not to reanalyze the previous articles and present the research progress of AMPK and mTOR signaling in exercise, but to propose an abstract general hypothesis for exercise-induced phenotype. Generally, exercise- induced skeletal muscle phenotype is independent of one and a few genes, proteins and signaling pathways. Convergent adaptation will better summarize the specificity of skeletal muscle phenotype in response to a single mode of exercise. Backward adaptation will open a new concept to illustrate the process of exercise-induced adaptation, such as mitochondrial quality control and muscle mass homeostasis.
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spelling pubmed-38793932014-01-08 How to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on AMPK and mTOR signaling Qi, Zhengtang Zhai, Xiaofeng Ding, Shuzhe Springerplus Review During endurance and resistance exercise training, AMPK and mTOR signaling were known as selective pathways implicating the differentiation of exercise-induced phenotype in skeletal muscle. Among the previous studies, however, the differences in exercise protocol, the individuality and the genetic heterogeneity within species make it difficult to reach a consistent conclusion in the roles of AMPK and mTOR signaling. In this review, we aim not to reanalyze the previous articles and present the research progress of AMPK and mTOR signaling in exercise, but to propose an abstract general hypothesis for exercise-induced phenotype. Generally, exercise- induced skeletal muscle phenotype is independent of one and a few genes, proteins and signaling pathways. Convergent adaptation will better summarize the specificity of skeletal muscle phenotype in response to a single mode of exercise. Backward adaptation will open a new concept to illustrate the process of exercise-induced adaptation, such as mitochondrial quality control and muscle mass homeostasis. Springer International Publishing 2013-12-28 /pmc/articles/PMC3879393/ /pubmed/24404437 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-693 Text en © Qi et al.; licensee Springer. 2013 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Qi, Zhengtang
Zhai, Xiaofeng
Ding, Shuzhe
How to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on AMPK and mTOR signaling
title How to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on AMPK and mTOR signaling
title_full How to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on AMPK and mTOR signaling
title_fullStr How to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on AMPK and mTOR signaling
title_full_unstemmed How to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on AMPK and mTOR signaling
title_short How to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on AMPK and mTOR signaling
title_sort how to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on ampk and mtor signaling
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3879393/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24404437
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-693
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