Disseminated Fusarium infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature

Fusarium is a common soil mold. In severely immunocompromised patients, this fungus may cause disseminated disease and is often confused with Aspergillus, as the two pathogens have similar histopathological appearances. Disseminated Fusarium infection may cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The current case report presents a 20-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed disseminated Fusarium infection during induction chemotherapy. Early diagnosis and treatment is extremely important since the mortality rate is extremely high in such patients. The clinician must consider that the clinical presentation of Fusarium infection resembles that of Aspergillus. There is no optimal treatment for patients with Fusarium infection; however, combination antifungal therapy may have benefit without significant toxicity.