Cargando…

Allelic variation in Salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence

Salmonella enterica causes substantial morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Infection and intestinal colonization by S. enterica require virulence factors that mediate bacterial binding and invasion of enterocytes and innate immune cells. Some S. enterica colonization factors and their all...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yue, Min, Schifferli, Dieter M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3882659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24454310
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00419
_version_ 1782298376613658624
author Yue, Min
Schifferli, Dieter M.
author_facet Yue, Min
Schifferli, Dieter M.
author_sort Yue, Min
collection PubMed
description Salmonella enterica causes substantial morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Infection and intestinal colonization by S. enterica require virulence factors that mediate bacterial binding and invasion of enterocytes and innate immune cells. Some S. enterica colonization factors and their alleles are host restricted, suggesting a potential role in regulation of host specificity. Recent data also suggest that colonization factors promote horizontal gene transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes by increasing the local density of Salmonella in colonized intestines. Although a profusion of genes are involved in Salmonella pathogenesis, the relative importance of their allelic variation has only been studied intensely in the type 1 fimbrial adhesin FimH. Although other Salmonella virulence factors demonstrate allelic variation, their association with specific metadata (e.g., host species, disease or carrier state, time and geographic place of isolation, antibiotic resistance profile, etc.) remains to be interrogated. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in bacteriology have been limited by the paucity of relevant metadata. In addition, due to the many variables amid metadata categories, a very large number of strains must be assessed to attain statistically significant results. However, targeted approaches in which genes of interest (e.g., virulence factors) are specifically sequenced alleviates the time-consuming and costly statistical GWAS analysis and increases statistical power, as larger numbers of strains can be screened for non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with available metadata. Congruence of specific allelic variants with specific metadata from strains that have a relevant clinical and epidemiological history will help to prioritize functional wet-lab and animal studies aimed at determining cause-effect relationships. Such an approach should be applicable to other pathogens that are being collected in well-curated repositories.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3882659
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-38826592014-01-17 Allelic variation in Salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence Yue, Min Schifferli, Dieter M. Front Microbiol Microbiology Salmonella enterica causes substantial morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Infection and intestinal colonization by S. enterica require virulence factors that mediate bacterial binding and invasion of enterocytes and innate immune cells. Some S. enterica colonization factors and their alleles are host restricted, suggesting a potential role in regulation of host specificity. Recent data also suggest that colonization factors promote horizontal gene transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes by increasing the local density of Salmonella in colonized intestines. Although a profusion of genes are involved in Salmonella pathogenesis, the relative importance of their allelic variation has only been studied intensely in the type 1 fimbrial adhesin FimH. Although other Salmonella virulence factors demonstrate allelic variation, their association with specific metadata (e.g., host species, disease or carrier state, time and geographic place of isolation, antibiotic resistance profile, etc.) remains to be interrogated. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in bacteriology have been limited by the paucity of relevant metadata. In addition, due to the many variables amid metadata categories, a very large number of strains must be assessed to attain statistically significant results. However, targeted approaches in which genes of interest (e.g., virulence factors) are specifically sequenced alleviates the time-consuming and costly statistical GWAS analysis and increases statistical power, as larger numbers of strains can be screened for non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with available metadata. Congruence of specific allelic variants with specific metadata from strains that have a relevant clinical and epidemiological history will help to prioritize functional wet-lab and animal studies aimed at determining cause-effect relationships. Such an approach should be applicable to other pathogens that are being collected in well-curated repositories. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3882659/ /pubmed/24454310 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00419 Text en Copyright © 2014 Yue and Schifferli. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Yue, Min
Schifferli, Dieter M.
Allelic variation in Salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence
title Allelic variation in Salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence
title_full Allelic variation in Salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence
title_fullStr Allelic variation in Salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence
title_full_unstemmed Allelic variation in Salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence
title_short Allelic variation in Salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence
title_sort allelic variation in salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3882659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24454310
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00419
work_keys_str_mv AT yuemin allelicvariationinsalmonellaanunderappreciateddriverofadaptationandvirulence
AT schifferlidieterm allelicvariationinsalmonellaanunderappreciateddriverofadaptationandvirulence