Both Neurons and Astrocytes Exhibited Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Spontaneous Slow Ca(2+) Oscillations in Striatum

The striatum plays an important role in linking cortical activity to basal ganglia outputs. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are densely expressed in the medium spiny projection neurons and may be a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. The group I mGluRs are known to modulate the intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. To characterize Ca(2+) signaling in striatal cells, spontaneous cytoplasmic Ca(2+) transients were examined in acute slice preparations from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the astrocytes. In both the GFP-negative cells (putative-neurons) and astrocytes of the striatum, spontaneous slow and long-lasting intracellular Ca(2+) transients (referred to as slow Ca(2+) oscillations), which lasted up to approximately 200 s, were found. Neither the inhibition of action potentials nor ionotropic glutamate receptors blocked the slow Ca(2+) oscillation. Depletion of the intracellular Ca(2+) store and the blockade of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors greatly reduced the transient rate of the slow Ca(2+) oscillation, and the application of an antagonist against mGluR5 also blocked the slow Ca(2+) oscillation in both putative-neurons and astrocytes. Thus, the mGluR5-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signal cascade is the primary contributor to the slow Ca(2+) oscillation in both putative-neurons and astrocytes. The slow Ca(2+) oscillation features multicellular synchrony, and both putative-neurons and astrocytes participate in the synchronous activity. Therefore, the mGluR5-dependent slow Ca(2+) oscillation may involve in the neuron-glia interaction in the striatum.