Altered platelet indices as potential markers of severe and complicated malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax: a cross-sectional descriptive study

BACKGROUND: This study described altered platelet indices in patients with acute malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and determined whether these alterations are associated with warning signs of severe and complicated malaria. METHODS: A total of 186 patients attending the Malaria Clinic at the University Hospital from the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, between 2008 and 2013 were included in this study. After parasitological confirmation of exclusive infection by P. vivax, blood cell counts and platelet indices were determined. Disease gravity was evaluated on the basis of classic signs of Plasmodium falciparum severe malaria, including severe anemia, or by changes in serum levels of glucose, bilirubin, aminotransferases and creatinine at the time of the patient’s admission. Patients with a longer duration of symptoms or those identified as primo infected were considered potential candidates for evolution into the severe form of malaria. RESULTS: The mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) values exhibited significant variability. A significant inverse relationship was observed between parasitaemia and PCT. Patients with warning signs for evolution into severe disease, with primo infection, or presenting with symptoms for over three days had the highest MPV and PDW. The adjusted analyses showed the presence of warning signs for the development of severe and complicated malaria remained independently linked to elevated MPV and PDW. CONCLUSION: Altered platelet indices should be analysed as potential markers for the severity of malaria caused by P. vivax. Future studies with appropriate methodology for prognostic evaluation could confirm the potential use of these indices in clinical practice.