Mutational identification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 genes in craniosynostosis in Indian population

OBJECTIVE: The Objective of this study was to identify the association of mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), FGFR2 genes with syndromic as well as non-syndromic craniosynostosis in Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of our records from January 2008 to December 2012 was done. A total of 41 cases satisfying the inclusion criteria and 51 controls were taken for the study. A total volume of 3 ml blood from the patient as well as parents was taken. Deoxyribonucleic acid extracted using phenol chloroform extraction method followed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: There were 33 (80.4%) non-syndromic cases of craniosynostosis while 8 (19.5%) were syndromic. Out of these 8 syndromic cases, 4 were Apert syndrome, 3 were Crouzon syndrome and 1 Pfeiffer syndrome. Phenotypically the most common non-syndromic craniosynostosis was scaphocephaly (19, 57.7%) followed by plagiocephaly in (14, 42.3%). FGFR1 mutation (Pro252Arg) was seen in 1 (2.4%) case of non-syndromic craniosynostosis while no association was noted either with FGFR1 or with FGFR2 mutation in syndromic cases. None of the control group showed any mutation. CONCLUSION: Our study proposed that FGFR1, FGFR2 mutation, which confers predisposition to craniosynostosis does not exist in Indian population when compared to the western world.