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Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy
Autophagy is an important cellular program with a “double face” role, since it promotes either cell survival or cell death, also in cancer therapies. Its survival role occurs by recycling cell components during starvation or removing stressed organelles; when damage becomes extensive, autophagy prov...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3901101/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24710486 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells1030464 |
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author | Inguscio, Valentina Panzarini, Elisa Dini, Luciana |
author_facet | Inguscio, Valentina Panzarini, Elisa Dini, Luciana |
author_sort | Inguscio, Valentina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autophagy is an important cellular program with a “double face” role, since it promotes either cell survival or cell death, also in cancer therapies. Its survival role occurs by recycling cell components during starvation or removing stressed organelles; when damage becomes extensive, autophagy provides another programmed cell death pathway, known as Autophagic Cell Death (ACD). The induction of autophagy is a common outcome in PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT), a two-step process involving the irradiation of photosensitizer (PS)-loaded cancer cells. Upon tissue oxygen interaction, PS provokes immediate and direct Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-induced damage to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), mitochondria, plasma membrane, and/or lysosomes. The main biological effects carried out in cancer PDT are direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells, vasculature damage and induction of inflammatory reactions stimulating immunological responses. The question about the role of autophagy in PDT and its putative immunological impact is hotly controversial and largely studied in recent times. This review deals with the induction of autophagy in PDT protocols and its dual role, also considering its interrelationship with apoptosis, the preferential cell death program triggered in the photodynamic process. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3901101 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39011012014-04-07 Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy Inguscio, Valentina Panzarini, Elisa Dini, Luciana Cells Review Autophagy is an important cellular program with a “double face” role, since it promotes either cell survival or cell death, also in cancer therapies. Its survival role occurs by recycling cell components during starvation or removing stressed organelles; when damage becomes extensive, autophagy provides another programmed cell death pathway, known as Autophagic Cell Death (ACD). The induction of autophagy is a common outcome in PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT), a two-step process involving the irradiation of photosensitizer (PS)-loaded cancer cells. Upon tissue oxygen interaction, PS provokes immediate and direct Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-induced damage to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), mitochondria, plasma membrane, and/or lysosomes. The main biological effects carried out in cancer PDT are direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells, vasculature damage and induction of inflammatory reactions stimulating immunological responses. The question about the role of autophagy in PDT and its putative immunological impact is hotly controversial and largely studied in recent times. This review deals with the induction of autophagy in PDT protocols and its dual role, also considering its interrelationship with apoptosis, the preferential cell death program triggered in the photodynamic process. MDPI 2012-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3901101/ /pubmed/24710486 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells1030464 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Inguscio, Valentina Panzarini, Elisa Dini, Luciana Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title | Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_full | Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_fullStr | Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_short | Autophagy Contributes to the Death/Survival Balance in Cancer PhotoDynamic Therapy |
title_sort | autophagy contributes to the death/survival balance in cancer photodynamic therapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3901101/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24710486 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells1030464 |
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