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Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani Infection in India and Nepal
There is increasing interest in the role of asymptomatic infection in transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). We studied the individual, household and environmental factors associated with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infected individuals and VL. 7,538 individuals living in VL endemic villa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909193/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24498159 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087641 |
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author | Picado, Albert Ostyn, Bart Singh, Shri Prakash Uranw, Surendra Hasker, Epco Rijal, Suman Sundar, Shyam Boelaert, Marleen Chappuis, François |
author_facet | Picado, Albert Ostyn, Bart Singh, Shri Prakash Uranw, Surendra Hasker, Epco Rijal, Suman Sundar, Shyam Boelaert, Marleen Chappuis, François |
author_sort | Picado, Albert |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is increasing interest in the role of asymptomatic infection in transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). We studied the individual, household and environmental factors associated with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infected individuals and VL. 7,538 individuals living in VL endemic villages in India and Nepal were divided into three mutually exclusive groups based on their VL history and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) results in yearly serosurveys over a two-year period. The groups were (1) VL cases, (2) asymptomatically infected individuals (seroconverters) and (3) seronegative individuals. VL cases and seroconverters were compared to seronegative individuals in mixed logistic regression models. The risk of seroconversion and disease was significantly increased in individuals aged 14 to 24 years old and by the presence of other DAT-positive, asymptomatically infected individuals and VL cases in the house. The risk of seroconversion was higher in Indian than in Nepalese villages and it increased significantly with age, but not so for VL. This study demonstrates that, when risk factors for leishmanial infection and VL disease are evaluated in the same population, epidemiological determinants for asymptomatic infection and VL are largely similar. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3909193 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39091932014-02-04 Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani Infection in India and Nepal Picado, Albert Ostyn, Bart Singh, Shri Prakash Uranw, Surendra Hasker, Epco Rijal, Suman Sundar, Shyam Boelaert, Marleen Chappuis, François PLoS One Research Article There is increasing interest in the role of asymptomatic infection in transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). We studied the individual, household and environmental factors associated with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infected individuals and VL. 7,538 individuals living in VL endemic villages in India and Nepal were divided into three mutually exclusive groups based on their VL history and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) results in yearly serosurveys over a two-year period. The groups were (1) VL cases, (2) asymptomatically infected individuals (seroconverters) and (3) seronegative individuals. VL cases and seroconverters were compared to seronegative individuals in mixed logistic regression models. The risk of seroconversion and disease was significantly increased in individuals aged 14 to 24 years old and by the presence of other DAT-positive, asymptomatically infected individuals and VL cases in the house. The risk of seroconversion was higher in Indian than in Nepalese villages and it increased significantly with age, but not so for VL. This study demonstrates that, when risk factors for leishmanial infection and VL disease are evaluated in the same population, epidemiological determinants for asymptomatic infection and VL are largely similar. Public Library of Science 2014-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC3909193/ /pubmed/24498159 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087641 Text en © 2014 Picado et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Picado, Albert Ostyn, Bart Singh, Shri Prakash Uranw, Surendra Hasker, Epco Rijal, Suman Sundar, Shyam Boelaert, Marleen Chappuis, François Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani Infection in India and Nepal |
title | Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani Infection in India and Nepal |
title_full | Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani Infection in India and Nepal |
title_fullStr | Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani Infection in India and Nepal |
title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani Infection in India and Nepal |
title_short | Risk Factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani Infection in India and Nepal |
title_sort | risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic leishmania donovani infection in india and nepal |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909193/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24498159 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087641 |
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