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Fortification of Wheat Bread with 3-7% Defatted Soy Flour Improves Formulation, Organoleptic Characteristics, and Rat Growth Rate
BACKGROUND: The present study designed to test effects of defatted soy-fortified wheat bread on the organoleptic properties as well as influences on rat growth rate. METHODS: Defatted soy flour (DSF) was blended with wheat flour with extraction rate of 82-84% at 3, 7, and 7% levels plus 3% sugar. Br...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915471/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24554990 |
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author | Mahmoodi, Mohammad Reza Mashayekh, Morteza Entezari, Mohammad Hasan |
author_facet | Mahmoodi, Mohammad Reza Mashayekh, Morteza Entezari, Mohammad Hasan |
author_sort | Mahmoodi, Mohammad Reza |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The present study designed to test effects of defatted soy-fortified wheat bread on the organoleptic properties as well as influences on rat growth rate. METHODS: Defatted soy flour (DSF) was blended with wheat flour with extraction rate of 82-84% at 3, 7, and 7% levels plus 3% sugar. Bread produced with these blends compared with regular Taftoon bread and was tested for chemical and organoleptic characteristics. The organoleptic characteristics of blends consist of taste and flavor, crust texture, fragrance and aroma, appearance, bendability, and overall acceptability were determined through taste panel by 213 judges. Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly given codes and allocated to different groups via tables with random numbers to feed on three DSF-fortified bread blends and control bread for 30 days. RESULTS: The blending of wheat flour with DSF altered the organoleptic properties of breads. Addition of DSF increased significantly the protein and ash content of the bread (P < 0.05). Organoleptic test indicates that the best formulation is between 3 and 7% fortifications of DSF blends. In biological evaluation, rats fed the control diet had the lowest body weight gain and their food efficiency ratio was significantly different (P < 0.05) in compare with 7% DSF-fortified blend. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that overall acceptability score significantly decreased with increasing DSF substitution level. Rats fed 7% DSF-fortified blend showed privileged food efficiency ratio. Then, the best formulation is between 3 and 7% DSF bread. This formulation can nourish all human at risk of malnutrition. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3915471 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39154712014-02-19 Fortification of Wheat Bread with 3-7% Defatted Soy Flour Improves Formulation, Organoleptic Characteristics, and Rat Growth Rate Mahmoodi, Mohammad Reza Mashayekh, Morteza Entezari, Mohammad Hasan Int J Prev Med Original Article BACKGROUND: The present study designed to test effects of defatted soy-fortified wheat bread on the organoleptic properties as well as influences on rat growth rate. METHODS: Defatted soy flour (DSF) was blended with wheat flour with extraction rate of 82-84% at 3, 7, and 7% levels plus 3% sugar. Bread produced with these blends compared with regular Taftoon bread and was tested for chemical and organoleptic characteristics. The organoleptic characteristics of blends consist of taste and flavor, crust texture, fragrance and aroma, appearance, bendability, and overall acceptability were determined through taste panel by 213 judges. Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly given codes and allocated to different groups via tables with random numbers to feed on three DSF-fortified bread blends and control bread for 30 days. RESULTS: The blending of wheat flour with DSF altered the organoleptic properties of breads. Addition of DSF increased significantly the protein and ash content of the bread (P < 0.05). Organoleptic test indicates that the best formulation is between 3 and 7% fortifications of DSF blends. In biological evaluation, rats fed the control diet had the lowest body weight gain and their food efficiency ratio was significantly different (P < 0.05) in compare with 7% DSF-fortified blend. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that overall acceptability score significantly decreased with increasing DSF substitution level. Rats fed 7% DSF-fortified blend showed privileged food efficiency ratio. Then, the best formulation is between 3 and 7% DSF bread. This formulation can nourish all human at risk of malnutrition. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3915471/ /pubmed/24554990 Text en Copyright: © International Journal of Preventive Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Mahmoodi, Mohammad Reza Mashayekh, Morteza Entezari, Mohammad Hasan Fortification of Wheat Bread with 3-7% Defatted Soy Flour Improves Formulation, Organoleptic Characteristics, and Rat Growth Rate |
title | Fortification of Wheat Bread with 3-7% Defatted Soy Flour Improves Formulation, Organoleptic Characteristics, and Rat Growth Rate |
title_full | Fortification of Wheat Bread with 3-7% Defatted Soy Flour Improves Formulation, Organoleptic Characteristics, and Rat Growth Rate |
title_fullStr | Fortification of Wheat Bread with 3-7% Defatted Soy Flour Improves Formulation, Organoleptic Characteristics, and Rat Growth Rate |
title_full_unstemmed | Fortification of Wheat Bread with 3-7% Defatted Soy Flour Improves Formulation, Organoleptic Characteristics, and Rat Growth Rate |
title_short | Fortification of Wheat Bread with 3-7% Defatted Soy Flour Improves Formulation, Organoleptic Characteristics, and Rat Growth Rate |
title_sort | fortification of wheat bread with 3-7% defatted soy flour improves formulation, organoleptic characteristics, and rat growth rate |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915471/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24554990 |
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