Cargando…
The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen Cell Immunity in Mice
Background: Pain plays roles in both the nervous system and immune system. Changes in the neuroendocrine pathway under pain conditions give rise to sympathetic outflow with increased plasma catecholamines and activate immune reactions. Dexmedetomidine exerts sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic-spari...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Ivyspring International Publisher
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917109/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24516345 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.7897 |
_version_ | 1782302789812092928 |
---|---|
author | Jang, Yeon Yeom, Mi-Young Kang, Eun-Sun Kang, Ji-Won Song, Ho-Kyung |
author_facet | Jang, Yeon Yeom, Mi-Young Kang, Eun-Sun Kang, Ji-Won Song, Ho-Kyung |
author_sort | Jang, Yeon |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Pain plays roles in both the nervous system and immune system. Changes in the neuroendocrine pathway under pain conditions give rise to sympathetic outflow with increased plasma catecholamines and activate immune reactions. Dexmedetomidine exerts sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic-sparing effects and is known to diminish pro-inflammatory processes by central sympatholytic effects. To investigate the influence of the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine on immunomodulation under pain conditions, splenic natural killer (NK) tumoricidal cytotoxic activity, proliferative ability of T lymphocytes, and cytokine changes were assessed. Methods: After evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine in C57BL mice that were subjected to formalin-induced pain, dexmedetomidine (30 µg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally (ip) 30 min before formalin (20 µL of 2% formalin in 0.9% saline) injection. NK cell activity against NK-sensitive YAC-1 lymphoma cells was evaluated by the percentage of specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Various numbers of effector cells (NK cells) were added to the wells of a microtiter plate containing 2 × 10(4) target YAC-1 cells in 100 μL, to achieve final effector-to-target cell ratios of 80:1, 40:1, and 20:1. The level of lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was detected by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels were determined in blood samples and supernatants of splenocyte preparations. Results: IP administration of dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the time of licking and biting during the first and second phases of the formalin test (p <0.001). Formalin-induced pain led to higher activity of NK cells than in sham-treated mice (p <0.05), but NK activity was not increased significantly by ip dexmedetomidine treatment. Formalin-induced pain significantly increased splenic lymphocyte proliferation (p <0.05), but dexmedetomidine did not alter this response. There was a significant increase in plasma TNF-α (p = 0.048) and IL-6 (p = 0.014) levels after formalin-induced pain. However, the differences between the responses after ip dexmedetomidine did not change significantly. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine showed antinociceptive effect on both of acute pain phase 1 and hyperalgesic phase 2 of formalin pain model. Formalin-induced pain alters cellular immunity of spleen in mice. Dexmedetomidine attenuates the activation of NK cells under pain condition, but neither the proliferative response of the splenic lymphocytes nor the cytokine production was affected by dexmedetomidine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3917109 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Ivyspring International Publisher |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39171092014-02-10 The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen Cell Immunity in Mice Jang, Yeon Yeom, Mi-Young Kang, Eun-Sun Kang, Ji-Won Song, Ho-Kyung Int J Med Sci Research Paper Background: Pain plays roles in both the nervous system and immune system. Changes in the neuroendocrine pathway under pain conditions give rise to sympathetic outflow with increased plasma catecholamines and activate immune reactions. Dexmedetomidine exerts sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic-sparing effects and is known to diminish pro-inflammatory processes by central sympatholytic effects. To investigate the influence of the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine on immunomodulation under pain conditions, splenic natural killer (NK) tumoricidal cytotoxic activity, proliferative ability of T lymphocytes, and cytokine changes were assessed. Methods: After evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine in C57BL mice that were subjected to formalin-induced pain, dexmedetomidine (30 µg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally (ip) 30 min before formalin (20 µL of 2% formalin in 0.9% saline) injection. NK cell activity against NK-sensitive YAC-1 lymphoma cells was evaluated by the percentage of specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Various numbers of effector cells (NK cells) were added to the wells of a microtiter plate containing 2 × 10(4) target YAC-1 cells in 100 μL, to achieve final effector-to-target cell ratios of 80:1, 40:1, and 20:1. The level of lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was detected by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels were determined in blood samples and supernatants of splenocyte preparations. Results: IP administration of dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the time of licking and biting during the first and second phases of the formalin test (p <0.001). Formalin-induced pain led to higher activity of NK cells than in sham-treated mice (p <0.05), but NK activity was not increased significantly by ip dexmedetomidine treatment. Formalin-induced pain significantly increased splenic lymphocyte proliferation (p <0.05), but dexmedetomidine did not alter this response. There was a significant increase in plasma TNF-α (p = 0.048) and IL-6 (p = 0.014) levels after formalin-induced pain. However, the differences between the responses after ip dexmedetomidine did not change significantly. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine showed antinociceptive effect on both of acute pain phase 1 and hyperalgesic phase 2 of formalin pain model. Formalin-induced pain alters cellular immunity of spleen in mice. Dexmedetomidine attenuates the activation of NK cells under pain condition, but neither the proliferative response of the splenic lymphocytes nor the cytokine production was affected by dexmedetomidine. Ivyspring International Publisher 2014-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3917109/ /pubmed/24516345 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.7897 Text en © Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Jang, Yeon Yeom, Mi-Young Kang, Eun-Sun Kang, Ji-Won Song, Ho-Kyung The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen Cell Immunity in Mice |
title | The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen Cell Immunity in Mice |
title_full | The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen Cell Immunity in Mice |
title_fullStr | The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen Cell Immunity in Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen Cell Immunity in Mice |
title_short | The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen Cell Immunity in Mice |
title_sort | antinociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine modulates spleen cell immunity in mice |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917109/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24516345 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.7897 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT jangyeon theantinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice AT yeommiyoung theantinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice AT kangeunsun theantinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice AT kangjiwon theantinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice AT songhokyung theantinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice AT jangyeon antinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice AT yeommiyoung antinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice AT kangeunsun antinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice AT kangjiwon antinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice AT songhokyung antinociceptiveeffectofdexmedetomidinemodulatesspleencellimmunityinmice |