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Wall Shear Stress Effects on Endothelial-Endothelial and Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in Tissue Engineered Models of the Vascular Wall

Vascular functions are affected by wall shear stresses (WSS) applied on the endothelial cells (EC), as well as by the interactions of the EC with the adjacent smooth muscle cells (SMC). The present study was designed to investigate the effects of WSS on the endothelial interactions with its surround...

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Autores principales: Shav, Dalit, Gotlieb, Ruth, Zaretsky, Uri, Elad, David, Einav, Shmuel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24520363
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088304
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author Shav, Dalit
Gotlieb, Ruth
Zaretsky, Uri
Elad, David
Einav, Shmuel
author_facet Shav, Dalit
Gotlieb, Ruth
Zaretsky, Uri
Elad, David
Einav, Shmuel
author_sort Shav, Dalit
collection PubMed
description Vascular functions are affected by wall shear stresses (WSS) applied on the endothelial cells (EC), as well as by the interactions of the EC with the adjacent smooth muscle cells (SMC). The present study was designed to investigate the effects of WSS on the endothelial interactions with its surroundings. For this purpose we developed and constructed two co-culture models of EC and SMC, and compared their response to that of a single monolayer of cultured EC. In one co-culture model the EC were cultured on the SMC, whereas in the other model the EC and SMC were cultured on the opposite sides of a membrane. We studied EC-matrix interactions through focal adhesion kinase morphology, EC-EC interactions through VE-Cadherin expression and morphology, and EC-SMC interactions through the expression of Cx43 and Cx37. In the absence of WSS the SMC presence reduced EC-EC connectivity but produced EC-SMC connections using both connexins. The exposure to WSS produced discontinuity in the EC-EC connections, with a weaker effect in the co-culture models. In the EC monolayer, WSS exposure (12 and 4 dyne/cm(2) for 30 min) increased the EC-EC interaction using both connexins. WSS exposure of 12 dyne/cm(2) did not affect the EC-SMC interactions, whereas WSS of 4 dyne/cm(2) elevated the amount of Cx43 and reduced the amount of Cx37, with a different magnitude between the models. The reduced endothelium connectivity suggests that the presence of SMC reduces the sealing properties of the endothelium, showing a more inflammatory phenotype while the distance between the two cell types reduced their interactions. These results demonstrate that EC-SMC interactions affect EC phenotype and change the EC response to WSS. Furthermore, the interactions formed between the EC and SMC demonstrate that the 1-side model can simulate better the arterioles, while the 2-side model provides better simulation of larger arteries.
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spelling pubmed-39197482014-02-11 Wall Shear Stress Effects on Endothelial-Endothelial and Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in Tissue Engineered Models of the Vascular Wall Shav, Dalit Gotlieb, Ruth Zaretsky, Uri Elad, David Einav, Shmuel PLoS One Research Article Vascular functions are affected by wall shear stresses (WSS) applied on the endothelial cells (EC), as well as by the interactions of the EC with the adjacent smooth muscle cells (SMC). The present study was designed to investigate the effects of WSS on the endothelial interactions with its surroundings. For this purpose we developed and constructed two co-culture models of EC and SMC, and compared their response to that of a single monolayer of cultured EC. In one co-culture model the EC were cultured on the SMC, whereas in the other model the EC and SMC were cultured on the opposite sides of a membrane. We studied EC-matrix interactions through focal adhesion kinase morphology, EC-EC interactions through VE-Cadherin expression and morphology, and EC-SMC interactions through the expression of Cx43 and Cx37. In the absence of WSS the SMC presence reduced EC-EC connectivity but produced EC-SMC connections using both connexins. The exposure to WSS produced discontinuity in the EC-EC connections, with a weaker effect in the co-culture models. In the EC monolayer, WSS exposure (12 and 4 dyne/cm(2) for 30 min) increased the EC-EC interaction using both connexins. WSS exposure of 12 dyne/cm(2) did not affect the EC-SMC interactions, whereas WSS of 4 dyne/cm(2) elevated the amount of Cx43 and reduced the amount of Cx37, with a different magnitude between the models. The reduced endothelium connectivity suggests that the presence of SMC reduces the sealing properties of the endothelium, showing a more inflammatory phenotype while the distance between the two cell types reduced their interactions. These results demonstrate that EC-SMC interactions affect EC phenotype and change the EC response to WSS. Furthermore, the interactions formed between the EC and SMC demonstrate that the 1-side model can simulate better the arterioles, while the 2-side model provides better simulation of larger arteries. Public Library of Science 2014-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3919748/ /pubmed/24520363 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088304 Text en © 2014 Shav et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Shav, Dalit
Gotlieb, Ruth
Zaretsky, Uri
Elad, David
Einav, Shmuel
Wall Shear Stress Effects on Endothelial-Endothelial and Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in Tissue Engineered Models of the Vascular Wall
title Wall Shear Stress Effects on Endothelial-Endothelial and Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in Tissue Engineered Models of the Vascular Wall
title_full Wall Shear Stress Effects on Endothelial-Endothelial and Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in Tissue Engineered Models of the Vascular Wall
title_fullStr Wall Shear Stress Effects on Endothelial-Endothelial and Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in Tissue Engineered Models of the Vascular Wall
title_full_unstemmed Wall Shear Stress Effects on Endothelial-Endothelial and Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in Tissue Engineered Models of the Vascular Wall
title_short Wall Shear Stress Effects on Endothelial-Endothelial and Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in Tissue Engineered Models of the Vascular Wall
title_sort wall shear stress effects on endothelial-endothelial and endothelial-smooth muscle cell interactions in tissue engineered models of the vascular wall
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24520363
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088304
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