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Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxic cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria (i.e., Aphanizomenon ovalisporum). CYN is a tricyclic alkaloid combined with a guanidine moiety. It is well known that CYN inhibits both protein and glutathione synthesis, and also induces geno...

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Autores principales: Guzmán-Guillén, Remedios, Gutiérrez-Praena, Daniel, Risalde, María de los Ángeles, Moyano, Rosario, Prieto, Ana Isabel, Pichardo, Silvia, Jos, Ángeles, Vasconcelos, Vitor, Cameán, Ana María
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920262/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24406981
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6010283
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author Guzmán-Guillén, Remedios
Gutiérrez-Praena, Daniel
Risalde, María de los Ángeles
Moyano, Rosario
Prieto, Ana Isabel
Pichardo, Silvia
Jos, Ángeles
Vasconcelos, Vitor
Cameán, Ana María
author_facet Guzmán-Guillén, Remedios
Gutiérrez-Praena, Daniel
Risalde, María de los Ángeles
Moyano, Rosario
Prieto, Ana Isabel
Pichardo, Silvia
Jos, Ángeles
Vasconcelos, Vitor
Cameán, Ana María
author_sort Guzmán-Guillén, Remedios
collection PubMed
description Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxic cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria (i.e., Aphanizomenon ovalisporum). CYN is a tricyclic alkaloid combined with a guanidine moiety. It is well known that CYN inhibits both protein and glutathione synthesis, and also induces genotoxicity and the alteration of different oxidative stress biomarkers. Although the liver and kidney appear to be the main target organs for this toxin based on previous studies, CYN also affects other organs. In the present study, we studied the distribution of CYN in fish (Oreochromis niloticus) under two different exposure scenarios using immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. In the first method, fish were exposed acutely by intraperitoneal injection or by gavage to 200 µg pure CYN/Kg body weight (bw), and euthanized after 24 h or five days of exposure. In the second method, fish were exposed by immersion to lyophilized A. ovalisporum CYN-producing cells using two concentration levels (10 or 100 µg/L) for two different exposure times (7 or 14 days). The IHC was carried out in liver, kidney, intestine, and gills of fish. Results demonstrated a similar pattern of CYN distribution in both experimental methods. The organ that presented the most immunopositive results was the liver, followed by the kidney, intestine, and gills. Moreover, the immunolabeling signal intensified with increasing time in both assays, confirming the delayed toxicity of CYN, and also with the increment of the dose, as it is shown in the sub-chronic assay. Thus, IHC is shown to be a valuable technique to study CYN distribution in these organisms.
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spelling pubmed-39202622014-02-11 Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions Guzmán-Guillén, Remedios Gutiérrez-Praena, Daniel Risalde, María de los Ángeles Moyano, Rosario Prieto, Ana Isabel Pichardo, Silvia Jos, Ángeles Vasconcelos, Vitor Cameán, Ana María Toxins (Basel) Article Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxic cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria (i.e., Aphanizomenon ovalisporum). CYN is a tricyclic alkaloid combined with a guanidine moiety. It is well known that CYN inhibits both protein and glutathione synthesis, and also induces genotoxicity and the alteration of different oxidative stress biomarkers. Although the liver and kidney appear to be the main target organs for this toxin based on previous studies, CYN also affects other organs. In the present study, we studied the distribution of CYN in fish (Oreochromis niloticus) under two different exposure scenarios using immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. In the first method, fish were exposed acutely by intraperitoneal injection or by gavage to 200 µg pure CYN/Kg body weight (bw), and euthanized after 24 h or five days of exposure. In the second method, fish were exposed by immersion to lyophilized A. ovalisporum CYN-producing cells using two concentration levels (10 or 100 µg/L) for two different exposure times (7 or 14 days). The IHC was carried out in liver, kidney, intestine, and gills of fish. Results demonstrated a similar pattern of CYN distribution in both experimental methods. The organ that presented the most immunopositive results was the liver, followed by the kidney, intestine, and gills. Moreover, the immunolabeling signal intensified with increasing time in both assays, confirming the delayed toxicity of CYN, and also with the increment of the dose, as it is shown in the sub-chronic assay. Thus, IHC is shown to be a valuable technique to study CYN distribution in these organisms. MDPI 2014-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3920262/ /pubmed/24406981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6010283 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Guzmán-Guillén, Remedios
Gutiérrez-Praena, Daniel
Risalde, María de los Ángeles
Moyano, Rosario
Prieto, Ana Isabel
Pichardo, Silvia
Jos, Ángeles
Vasconcelos, Vitor
Cameán, Ana María
Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions
title Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions
title_full Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions
title_fullStr Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions
title_short Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions
title_sort immunohistochemical approach to study cylindrospermopsin distribution in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) under different exposure conditions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920262/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24406981
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6010283
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