Total Energy Intake and Intake of Three Major Nutrients by Body Mass Index in Japan: NIPPON DATA80 and NIPPON DATA90

BACKGROUND: This paper investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and total energy intake as well as intake of three major nutrients in representative Japanese populations enrolled in the National Nutrition Surveys of Japan in 1980 and 1990. METHODS: A total of 10 422 participants (4585 men and 5837 women) and 8342 participants (3488 men and 4854 women) aged 30 or older from 300 randomly selected districts participated in the National Survey of Circulatory Disorders and the National Nutrition Survey in Japan in 1980 and 1990, respectively. The nutrition surveys were performed with weighing record method for three consecutive days to each household. Individually estimated total energy intake and intakes of three major nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) were compared by the categories of BMI and by 10-year age groups. RESULTS: In men, total energy intake (kcal/day), intakes of three major nutrients (g/day) and energy intake ratio from protein and fat (%) increased as BMI increased in each age group, whereas energy intake ratio from carbohydrate (%) decreased. In women, total energy intake, intakes of three major nutrients, and energy intake ratio from protein increased as BMI increased. Energy intake ratio from carbohydrate and fat decreased as BMI increased in women in 1990. When participants were categorized into quartiles according to total energy intake in each sex group, BMI increased as total energy intake increased in men in both 1980 and 1990. CONCLUSIONS: A positive relationship was observed between body mass index and total energy intake in Japanese men. The relationship was weaker in Japanese women.