Selected examples of complications after minimally invasive treatment for urolithiasis

In recent years urologists have concentrated on the intense introduction of minimally invasive methods for the treatment of urinary tract diseases with major progress noted in the treatment of urolithiasis. Nowadays extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) are widely used in the treatment of urinary tract lithiasis. The aim of this study is to present examples of urinary tract lithiasis as the complication after minimally invasive methods used in the treatment of urolithiasis. One should remember that even minimally invasive medical procedures using the instruments retained in long-term contact with urine may be the cause of incrustation and stone formation.