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Muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role
BACKGROUND: Although the majority of equine muscles have a mixed fibre type distribution indicative of diverse functional roles, the predominance of a fibre type can indicate the primary function of a muscle. The deep epaxial musculature has an important role in core spinal stability in humans, refl...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922740/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24468115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-56-8 |
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author | Hyytiäinen, Heli K Mykkänen, Anna K Hielm-Björkman, Anna K Stubbs, Narelle C McGowan, Catherine M |
author_facet | Hyytiäinen, Heli K Mykkänen, Anna K Hielm-Björkman, Anna K Stubbs, Narelle C McGowan, Catherine M |
author_sort | Hyytiäinen, Heli K |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Although the majority of equine muscles have a mixed fibre type distribution indicative of diverse functional roles, the predominance of a fibre type can indicate the primary function of a muscle. The deep epaxial musculature has an important role in core spinal stability in humans, reflected as a predominantly muscle fibre type (MFT) I or postural fibre type. The fibre type of the deep epaxial musculature has not been determined in horses. The objective of the study was to determine the MFT distribution in selected muscles of thoracolumbar and hindlimb region of horses. This included deep epaxial and hypaxial muscles that were hypothesised to have a postural stabilising role. A second objective was to examine differences in MFT distribution between horses bred for endurance (Arabian) and sprinting (Quarter horse). Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from selected thoracolumbar and hind limb muscles of 5 Quarter horses, 4 Arabians, and 2 Thoroughbreds. The myosin heavy chain distribution was determined by gel electrophoresis. Mann–Whitney rank test was used to compare the proportional MFT and differences between breeds. RESULTS: Mm. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis and diaphragm had the highest proportion of MFT-I. The remaining deep epaxial muscles and the hypaxial muscle m. psoas minor had approximately equal MFT I and II proportions. Mm. psoas major, iliocostalis, longissimus dorsi and the hind limb muscles contained mostly MFT-IIX. The fibre type distribution was similar between Arabians and Quarter horses, although Quarter horses had more MFT-IIX fibres in psoas major (P = 0.02) while Arabians had more MFT-I fibres in m. longissimus dorsi (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The fibre type distribution of the deep epaxial muscles, mm psoas minor and diaphragm varied from approximately equal MFT-I and II proportions to predominantly MFT-I suggesting a postural stabilising role possibly important in core spinal stability. In contrast the fibre type proportions of mm psoas major, iliocostalis, longissimus dorsi and the hind limb muscles were mainly MFT-II suggesting a locomotory role. Knowledge of fibre type distribution in such a clinically important area can direct diagnosis, prevention and treatment of muscular or neuromotor dysfunction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3922740 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39227402014-02-13 Muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role Hyytiäinen, Heli K Mykkänen, Anna K Hielm-Björkman, Anna K Stubbs, Narelle C McGowan, Catherine M Acta Vet Scand Research BACKGROUND: Although the majority of equine muscles have a mixed fibre type distribution indicative of diverse functional roles, the predominance of a fibre type can indicate the primary function of a muscle. The deep epaxial musculature has an important role in core spinal stability in humans, reflected as a predominantly muscle fibre type (MFT) I or postural fibre type. The fibre type of the deep epaxial musculature has not been determined in horses. The objective of the study was to determine the MFT distribution in selected muscles of thoracolumbar and hindlimb region of horses. This included deep epaxial and hypaxial muscles that were hypothesised to have a postural stabilising role. A second objective was to examine differences in MFT distribution between horses bred for endurance (Arabian) and sprinting (Quarter horse). Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from selected thoracolumbar and hind limb muscles of 5 Quarter horses, 4 Arabians, and 2 Thoroughbreds. The myosin heavy chain distribution was determined by gel electrophoresis. Mann–Whitney rank test was used to compare the proportional MFT and differences between breeds. RESULTS: Mm. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis and diaphragm had the highest proportion of MFT-I. The remaining deep epaxial muscles and the hypaxial muscle m. psoas minor had approximately equal MFT I and II proportions. Mm. psoas major, iliocostalis, longissimus dorsi and the hind limb muscles contained mostly MFT-IIX. The fibre type distribution was similar between Arabians and Quarter horses, although Quarter horses had more MFT-IIX fibres in psoas major (P = 0.02) while Arabians had more MFT-I fibres in m. longissimus dorsi (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The fibre type distribution of the deep epaxial muscles, mm psoas minor and diaphragm varied from approximately equal MFT-I and II proportions to predominantly MFT-I suggesting a postural stabilising role possibly important in core spinal stability. In contrast the fibre type proportions of mm psoas major, iliocostalis, longissimus dorsi and the hind limb muscles were mainly MFT-II suggesting a locomotory role. Knowledge of fibre type distribution in such a clinically important area can direct diagnosis, prevention and treatment of muscular or neuromotor dysfunction. BioMed Central 2014-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC3922740/ /pubmed/24468115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-56-8 Text en Copyright © 2014 Hyytiäinen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Hyytiäinen, Heli K Mykkänen, Anna K Hielm-Björkman, Anna K Stubbs, Narelle C McGowan, Catherine M Muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role |
title | Muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role |
title_full | Muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role |
title_fullStr | Muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role |
title_full_unstemmed | Muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role |
title_short | Muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role |
title_sort | muscle fibre type distribution of the thoracolumbar and hindlimb regions of horses: relating fibre type and functional role |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922740/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24468115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-56-8 |
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